{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1994:RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ","short_pith_number":"pith:RSKAKDUK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9404363","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1994-05-02T07:25:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"title_canon_sha256":"f79f5871591b72d87e03edf313286b9601bfa925d123ae5598a67a0b44a58750","abstract_canon_sha256":"f8d6ceb3ab69b7ed909423576638c12b47b1f390906131feea3fb42a7c0ff71c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8c94050e8ae26418374ce172ab77bc8e7d52e493ab8d10ad092f9c688d8a2399","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-ph/9404363","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/9404363","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/9404363v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9404363","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RSKAKDUK4JSB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RSKAKDUK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1994:RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9404363","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1994-05-02T07:25:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"title_canon_sha256":"f79f5871591b72d87e03edf313286b9601bfa925d123ae5598a67a0b44a58750","abstract_canon_sha256":"f8d6ceb3ab69b7ed909423576638c12b47b1f390906131feea3fb42a7c0ff71c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8c94050e8ae26418374ce172ab77bc8e7d52e493ab8d10ad092f9c688d8a2399","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25.289634Z","signature_b64":"59lnbp6j2LFRl6qK1d8+cHPDu7HsSq2xbUFhUsDqlOpQOKfmWfE3lo1wD9Hwi70PqR4AbQBzPPAxhSKFPaW2Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8c94050e8ae26418374ce172ab77bc8e7d52e493ab8d10ad092f9c688d8a2399","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25.288936Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25.288936Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-ph/9404363","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IIDOoxyINhT6vxGlkAY5YvEjJyg1wz7syC2yxMxhC758yYMDxdnmZLdoHW758pmI1+gSZZ2Gx16pTRmw+PzfAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T22:08:19.637671Z"},"content_sha256":"2d1e762ef6a0d5386d7e881a28b637cc13f7dd41d12a5819203a5fbe38551b83","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2d1e762ef6a0d5386d7e881a28b637cc13f7dd41d12a5819203a5fbe38551b83"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1994:RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Monopoles and Quark Confinement: Introduction and Overview","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-lat"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Ken Yee","submitted_at":"1994-05-02T07:25:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"We (try to) pedagogically explain how monopoles arise in QCD, why maximal Abelian(MA) gauge is ``special'' for monopole study, the Abelian projection in MA gauge, its resultant degrees of freedom(photons, monopoles and charged matter fields), and the QCD-equivalent action in terms of these degrees of freedom. Then we turn to more recent developments in the subject: Abelian dominance, large $N$ behavior of Abelian projected QCD, mass of the charged matter fields, notion of an effective photon-monopole action obtained by integrating out the charged matter fields, and problems encountered in the "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9404363","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MveIQlB+5AE4Gd8GBLp46PsmJuK/Te/z6Z/q/ZPX/5g9UWm6rDFd+VE7l1EasFjTXt5ZoyYlMjot+RVAuSvOBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T22:08:19.638359Z"},"content_sha256":"cce97ab38ca13b3b6e41bee7ce6ef42a96a88210f8b62505ec2c2e3f4c18a79d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cce97ab38ca13b3b6e41bee7ce6ef42a96a88210f8b62505ec2c2e3f4c18a79d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-11T22:08:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1994:RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M4FZKW554RZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f8d6ceb3ab69b7ed909423576638c12b47b1f390906131feea3fb42a7c0ff71c","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1994-05-02T07:25:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"f79f5871591b72d87e03edf313286b9601bfa925d123ae5598a67a0b44a58750"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/9404363","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/9404363","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/9404363v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9404363","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RSKAKDUK4JSB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RSKAKDUK4JSBQN2M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RSKAKDUK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cce97ab38ca13b3b6e41bee7ce6ef42a96a88210f8b62505ec2c2e3f4c18a79d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We (try to) pedagogically explain how monopoles arise in QCD, why maximal Abelian(MA) gauge is ``special'' for monopole study, the Abelian projection in MA gauge, its resultant degrees of freedom(photons, monopoles and charged matter fields), and the QCD-equivalent action in terms of these degrees of freedom. Then we turn to more recent developments in the subject: Abelian dominance, large $N$ behavior of Abelian projected QCD, mass of the charged matter fields, notion of an effective photon-monopole action obtained by integrating out the charged matter fields, and problems encountered in the ","authors_text":"Ken Yee","cross_cats":["hep-lat"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1994-05-02T07:25:08Z","title":"Monopoles and Quark Confinement: Introduction and Overview"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9404363","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2d1e762ef6a0d5386d7e881a28b637cc13f7dd41d12a5819203a5fbe38551b83","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f8d6ceb3ab69b7ed909423576638c12b47b1f390906131feea3fb42a7c0ff71c","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1994-05-02T07:25:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"f79f5871591b72d87e03edf313286b9601bfa925d123ae5598a67a0b44a58750"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/9404363","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"8c94050e8ae26418374ce172ab77bc8e7d52e493ab8d10ad092f9c688d8a2399","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8c94050e8ae26418374ce172ab77bc8e7d52e493ab8d10ad092f9c688d8a2399","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25.288936Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25.288936Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"59lnbp6j2LFRl6qK1d8+cHPDu7HsSq2xbUFhUsDqlOpQOKfmWfE3lo1wD9Hwi70PqR4AbQBzPPAxhSKFPaW2Cg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:25.289634Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-ph/9404363","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2d1e762ef6a0d5386d7e881a28b637cc13f7dd41d12a5819203a5fbe38551b83","sha256:cce97ab38ca13b3b6e41bee7ce6ef42a96a88210f8b62505ec2c2e3f4c18a79d"],"state_sha256":"24898fa401ffb7b7e31f53d02fb4b7bf6db1b6f69af330f1249c49b3d4fdd519"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3zigQfGgq+WDGOL6YF3/ofTvwc8VHS67N9pRDkEoyiXzSU8VpxHI8qGs8UyxtIpDRCH3MUdZE1u8yR/xwAM4Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T22:08:19.642569Z","bundle_sha256":"a908479251002ee295f98e34f5d5c7224a5e46f4652dcd15abbf913f25c5302a"}}