{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF","short_pith_number":"pith:RTCWD4BU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T01:32:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b11051445667d892b19c8f973eed98e628b2b26527f081abb1fa0a4324332283","abstract_canon_sha256":"841d2467c182a8e874bf610ba78dc93981b5e2cf8fd7d256c00fd4b4cd0a3ccb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8cc561f0347ceb6f1daadce6696b767951262bdf6359418440ff7f6f9687dd01","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2103.09388","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.09388","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.09388v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.09388","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RTCWD4BUPTVW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RTCWD4BU","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T01:32:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b11051445667d892b19c8f973eed98e628b2b26527f081abb1fa0a4324332283","abstract_canon_sha256":"841d2467c182a8e874bf610ba78dc93981b5e2cf8fd7d256c00fd4b4cd0a3ccb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8cc561f0347ceb6f1daadce6696b767951262bdf6359418440ff7f6f9687dd01","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03.147157Z","signature_b64":"ULdjLFwGvB9TYCgFxe9RaizwgR0vBEissRozGtSy0iOZkxEDa1XN3IBAXVQMZdeseqJ/p17VMFWkEyqUMNAeDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8cc561f0347ceb6f1daadce6696b767951262bdf6359418440ff7f6f9687dd01","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03.146750Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03.146750Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2103.09388","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"f6s4LWeoR51I1x282yv1sClfxss+qkKqTo45HdQLd70M5/IeOd4dfRo/5laRCcFYMWE4m42SesuVA6XlRbQSCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:01:27.026556Z"},"content_sha256":"5cbc23486754a5304ee4419540455f1e70aae7ad2f4cd5516417ec7d94288c14","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5cbc23486754a5304ee4419540455f1e70aae7ad2f4cd5516417ec7d94288c14"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Distribution of \"Simple Stupid Bugs\" in Unit Test Files: An Exploratory Study","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Anthony Peruma, Christian D. Newman","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T01:32:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"A key aspect of ensuring the quality of a software system is the practice of unit testing. Through unit tests, developers verify the correctness of production source code, thereby verifying the system's intended behavior under test. However, unit test code is subject to issues, ranging from bugs in the code to poor test case design (i.e., test smells). In this study, we compare and contrast the occurrences of a type of single-statement-bug-fix known as \"simple stupid bugs\" (SStuBs) in test and non-test (i.e., production) files in popular open-source Java Maven projects. Our results show that S"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2103.09388/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"t8340GSZu/At1HCN4o1SNe2HaNH0S0l2B47IjnYjKgnF0jp66ep5Nkr07GSdZYDmEP0nWbLAYnwUo2P4MN6qDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:01:27.027165Z"},"content_sha256":"9ffed85009ca38098c0c5742a2814648c91fea82c305d7817ef10226b16ad167","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9ffed85009ca38098c0c5742a2814648c91fea82c305d7817ef10226b16ad167"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T06:01:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK3TTGS23WPF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"841d2467c182a8e874bf610ba78dc93981b5e2cf8fd7d256c00fd4b4cd0a3ccb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T01:32:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"b11051445667d892b19c8f973eed98e628b2b26527f081abb1fa0a4324332283"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.09388","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.09388v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.09388","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RTCWD4BUPTVW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RTCWD4BUPTVW6HNK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RTCWD4BU","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9ffed85009ca38098c0c5742a2814648c91fea82c305d7817ef10226b16ad167","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2103.09388/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A key aspect of ensuring the quality of a software system is the practice of unit testing. Through unit tests, developers verify the correctness of production source code, thereby verifying the system's intended behavior under test. However, unit test code is subject to issues, ranging from bugs in the code to poor test case design (i.e., test smells). In this study, we compare and contrast the occurrences of a type of single-statement-bug-fix known as \"simple stupid bugs\" (SStuBs) in test and non-test (i.e., production) files in popular open-source Java Maven projects. Our results show that S","authors_text":"Anthony Peruma, Christian D. Newman","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T01:32:23Z","title":"On the Distribution of \"Simple Stupid Bugs\" in Unit Test Files: An Exploratory Study"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5cbc23486754a5304ee4419540455f1e70aae7ad2f4cd5516417ec7d94288c14","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"841d2467c182a8e874bf610ba78dc93981b5e2cf8fd7d256c00fd4b4cd0a3ccb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T01:32:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"b11051445667d892b19c8f973eed98e628b2b26527f081abb1fa0a4324332283"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8cc561f0347ceb6f1daadce6696b767951262bdf6359418440ff7f6f9687dd01","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8cc561f0347ceb6f1daadce6696b767951262bdf6359418440ff7f6f9687dd01","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03.146750Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03.146750Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ULdjLFwGvB9TYCgFxe9RaizwgR0vBEissRozGtSy0iOZkxEDa1XN3IBAXVQMZdeseqJ/p17VMFWkEyqUMNAeDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:03.147157Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2103.09388","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5cbc23486754a5304ee4419540455f1e70aae7ad2f4cd5516417ec7d94288c14","sha256:9ffed85009ca38098c0c5742a2814648c91fea82c305d7817ef10226b16ad167"],"state_sha256":"d5b5dbc22840120faeea42aca28e34f824df45742afbf3abc92b2152966ec2fd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qd60Ep87RdO1ar9gynsevsUnKY2lbN/hsQrb2CLs2tatO9symF2G59W8IOkNXfpV/NHq2wdXNQHdgaJLngPSCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:01:27.030172Z","bundle_sha256":"c99fda690645aa0f7a7b2430d6c0382f98864d79ac4aff5549a217d18fcb7c70"}}