{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S","short_pith_number":"pith:RTICXCVB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.10014","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2024-07-13T21:46:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"acca1cbecca80f912e2042c9a49a280b0d8ea9e047ffd9079c040b7d03a1fde3","abstract_canon_sha256":"0358f1672a27e52556e78fbb7c7e762162879bcfaf2bccd3141fb7c8eee0bac6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8cd02b8aa1e18989933af945faf152ec8fdb7ac7243658ed58396e90bbcd69db","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2407.10014","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.10014","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.10014v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.10014","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RTICXCVB4GEY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RTICXCVB","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.10014","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2024-07-13T21:46:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"acca1cbecca80f912e2042c9a49a280b0d8ea9e047ffd9079c040b7d03a1fde3","abstract_canon_sha256":"0358f1672a27e52556e78fbb7c7e762162879bcfaf2bccd3141fb7c8eee0bac6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8cd02b8aa1e18989933af945faf152ec8fdb7ac7243658ed58396e90bbcd69db","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37.648763Z","signature_b64":"HwaoXkejTgZShk/q1cHV1zNSiYPTuKBMk3QSLKkkE+yiAKuXgLBYQyOQPTHesaHaI7AHIJLMKbEi2M7CcVVmBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8cd02b8aa1e18989933af945faf152ec8fdb7ac7243658ed58396e90bbcd69db","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37.648269Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37.648269Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2407.10014","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hrYu/VPptVNPIBb1UuR4XNEOZUU7HOHe7R2gAOmTpV2eqA35c475aCPGLlHgUc1E69XDtcPcUb8MTAxWVN1wDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T16:23:30.871207Z"},"content_sha256":"d6c88b9775058775fef7fcc32952b1c809105c1a3b1e83a761172e736ce5da7a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d6c88b9775058775fef7fcc32952b1c809105c1a3b1e83a761172e736ce5da7a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Identification of Average Causal Effects in Confounded Additive Noise Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Mahsa Ghasemi, Muhammad Qasim Elahi, Murat Kocaoglu","submitted_at":"2024-07-13T21:46:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Additive noise models (ANMs) are an important setting studied in causal inference. Most of the existing works on ANMs assume causal sufficiency, i.e., there are no unobserved confounders. This paper focuses on confounded ANMs, where a set of treatment variables and a target variable are affected by an unobserved confounder that follows a multivariate Gaussian distribution. We introduce a novel approach for estimating the average causal effects (ACEs) of any subset of the treatment variables on the outcome and demonstrate that a small set of interventional distributions is sufficient to estimat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.10014","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2407.10014/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dDqhYTT90fUHYMeHOJbPbk+9pHfz9acVxSZE95s8Ch5nrwmPJ8kWfMKT89HS6HyJeEgwEy4KA/6WpyQPJKu9AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T16:23:30.872075Z"},"content_sha256":"cb712ae79919dcaeecb60d2ba5306c52641a41b754a41f1cc9cd3c6b55e125b5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb712ae79919dcaeecb60d2ba5306c52641a41b754a41f1cc9cd3c6b55e125b5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T16:23:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ27FC7V4KS5S","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0358f1672a27e52556e78fbb7c7e762162879bcfaf2bccd3141fb7c8eee0bac6","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2024-07-13T21:46:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"acca1cbecca80f912e2042c9a49a280b0d8ea9e047ffd9079c040b7d03a1fde3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.10014","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.10014","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.10014v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.10014","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RTICXCVB4GEY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RTICXCVB4GEYTEZ2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RTICXCVB","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cb712ae79919dcaeecb60d2ba5306c52641a41b754a41f1cc9cd3c6b55e125b5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2407.10014/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Additive noise models (ANMs) are an important setting studied in causal inference. Most of the existing works on ANMs assume causal sufficiency, i.e., there are no unobserved confounders. This paper focuses on confounded ANMs, where a set of treatment variables and a target variable are affected by an unobserved confounder that follows a multivariate Gaussian distribution. We introduce a novel approach for estimating the average causal effects (ACEs) of any subset of the treatment variables on the outcome and demonstrate that a small set of interventional distributions is sufficient to estimat","authors_text":"Mahsa Ghasemi, Muhammad Qasim Elahi, Murat Kocaoglu","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2024-07-13T21:46:57Z","title":"Identification of Average Causal Effects in Confounded Additive Noise Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.10014","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d6c88b9775058775fef7fcc32952b1c809105c1a3b1e83a761172e736ce5da7a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0358f1672a27e52556e78fbb7c7e762162879bcfaf2bccd3141fb7c8eee0bac6","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2024-07-13T21:46:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"acca1cbecca80f912e2042c9a49a280b0d8ea9e047ffd9079c040b7d03a1fde3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.10014","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8cd02b8aa1e18989933af945faf152ec8fdb7ac7243658ed58396e90bbcd69db","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8cd02b8aa1e18989933af945faf152ec8fdb7ac7243658ed58396e90bbcd69db","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37.648269Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37.648269Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HwaoXkejTgZShk/q1cHV1zNSiYPTuKBMk3QSLKkkE+yiAKuXgLBYQyOQPTHesaHaI7AHIJLMKbEi2M7CcVVmBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:37.648763Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2407.10014","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d6c88b9775058775fef7fcc32952b1c809105c1a3b1e83a761172e736ce5da7a","sha256:cb712ae79919dcaeecb60d2ba5306c52641a41b754a41f1cc9cd3c6b55e125b5"],"state_sha256":"b1baa8467916666e68422b1561dc2e390c395595daacc187025bba9bfe589000"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Scxb2yzPJPSRAgR6Gsn9pkIOQXziYmKCxarqz1jch6TKAX+4WprBdbVbuUzOdHDrqZ6XoL7ZJ4U2P514ZAdRBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T16:23:30.878347Z","bundle_sha256":"57ef87fcc9c74773bbbd8c32095dfab537b5d2d55a3c925690f8400cd4a04078"}}