{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW","short_pith_number":"pith:RUJMQ5TI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1502.02828","kind":"arxiv","version":7},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-02-10T09:48:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9aab5a51ff1cecf75d8aba59018ea105e92976d8ef299921f406411cfe664afc","abstract_canon_sha256":"a79917dd64142777336017426bbb615c7422c06096af348f6809aa512eb35a73"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8d12c87668728558ef96c8a9875a4fbd929ff618a2b135865603143f8d3a87f1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1502.02828","version":7},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1502.02828","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1502.02828v7","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1502.02828","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RUJMQ5TIOKCV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RUJMQ5TI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1502.02828","kind":"arxiv","version":7},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-02-10T09:48:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9aab5a51ff1cecf75d8aba59018ea105e92976d8ef299921f406411cfe664afc","abstract_canon_sha256":"a79917dd64142777336017426bbb615c7422c06096af348f6809aa512eb35a73"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8d12c87668728558ef96c8a9875a4fbd929ff618a2b135865603143f8d3a87f1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04.906855Z","signature_b64":"8n08Z3zn23j33ORKZ7vOhGnb+g21bEiFXY/FXpLf3sQidPmdOilE3khdz4EQfgbceklu8s/k8ANlOJ6Hh2BrBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8d12c87668728558ef96c8a9875a4fbd929ff618a2b135865603143f8d3a87f1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04.906258Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04.906258Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1502.02828","source_version":7,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/Y/EdI5nTHBmbLGf6mMnTL4GawyefHlrbbxKnK6sOJZ08eI5uetMyK4TgJSzu6r9sOx//t2FutOzwiWCd9pEAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T11:22:43.858023Z"},"content_sha256":"4a9b7befb710af791a47d2e5ebc1f4fb442dbdec91ce261b02ef8d0900f4ce39","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4a9b7befb710af791a47d2e5ebc1f4fb442dbdec91ce261b02ef8d0900f4ce39"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Detecting hidden uncertainties in standard candles and clocks via improved hypothesis test","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Jiaxin Wang, Xinhe Meng","submitted_at":"2015-02-10T09:48:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Tiny systematic uncertainty caused by cosmological hypotheses is hard to be detected, not only because the present observational errors are relatively large but also because hypothesis-induced uncertainty is indistinguishable from other sources of systematic errors. We introduce an efficient and sensitive method for detecting tiny systematic errors, which contain the cosmological-hypothesis-induced uncertainty and other secondary systematic errors, hidden behind residuals of chi-square analysis. In this paper, we apply our analysis to JLA compilation of SN Ia observations and latest cosmic chr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1502.02828","kind":"arxiv","version":7},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ncNo1p/opRxnnI1tfNgW+ONR+lk5uA7FHYXW8TZviW+fExPyB0sueJiPfbLi4VIs4WqbWThQi5r7YwgZjYl6Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T11:22:43.858371Z"},"content_sha256":"66096758f4840a9a0dd95b534547b29d8b9dd114ac91687406615600f57ef77d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:66096758f4840a9a0dd95b534547b29d8b9dd114ac91687406615600f57ef77d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-29T11:22:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34WZCUYOWSPXW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a79917dd64142777336017426bbb615c7422c06096af348f6809aa512eb35a73","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-02-10T09:48:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"9aab5a51ff1cecf75d8aba59018ea105e92976d8ef299921f406411cfe664afc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1502.02828","kind":"arxiv","version":7}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1502.02828","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1502.02828v7","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1502.02828","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RUJMQ5TIOKCV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RUJMQ5TIOKCVR34W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RUJMQ5TI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:66096758f4840a9a0dd95b534547b29d8b9dd114ac91687406615600f57ef77d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Tiny systematic uncertainty caused by cosmological hypotheses is hard to be detected, not only because the present observational errors are relatively large but also because hypothesis-induced uncertainty is indistinguishable from other sources of systematic errors. We introduce an efficient and sensitive method for detecting tiny systematic errors, which contain the cosmological-hypothesis-induced uncertainty and other secondary systematic errors, hidden behind residuals of chi-square analysis. In this paper, we apply our analysis to JLA compilation of SN Ia observations and latest cosmic chr","authors_text":"Jiaxin Wang, Xinhe Meng","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-02-10T09:48:34Z","title":"Detecting hidden uncertainties in standard candles and clocks via improved hypothesis test"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1502.02828","kind":"arxiv","version":7},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4a9b7befb710af791a47d2e5ebc1f4fb442dbdec91ce261b02ef8d0900f4ce39","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a79917dd64142777336017426bbb615c7422c06096af348f6809aa512eb35a73","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-02-10T09:48:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"9aab5a51ff1cecf75d8aba59018ea105e92976d8ef299921f406411cfe664afc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1502.02828","kind":"arxiv","version":7}},"canonical_sha256":"8d12c87668728558ef96c8a9875a4fbd929ff618a2b135865603143f8d3a87f1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8d12c87668728558ef96c8a9875a4fbd929ff618a2b135865603143f8d3a87f1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04.906258Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04.906258Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8n08Z3zn23j33ORKZ7vOhGnb+g21bEiFXY/FXpLf3sQidPmdOilE3khdz4EQfgbceklu8s/k8ANlOJ6Hh2BrBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:04.906855Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1502.02828","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":7}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4a9b7befb710af791a47d2e5ebc1f4fb442dbdec91ce261b02ef8d0900f4ce39","sha256:66096758f4840a9a0dd95b534547b29d8b9dd114ac91687406615600f57ef77d"],"state_sha256":"b13ec0a1757d8b82bd9042fa2ef533d98c308ad747a51cc5c01b2f6a3f0790a5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YGW9YR+vKZdaZvZBv7u5KoG9VMrZQ3UPt69TAgLGu9sZKGTK52o/nFTI9AQbGHCpeANVfWyfKOkj5TdmRF9uAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T11:22:43.860209Z","bundle_sha256":"2bcf0e7c97730deb729616106ca38bf0bd9b4a5b55cd5ddfdaf5302eacff9ba3"}}