{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX","short_pith_number":"pith:RUJOJJ7F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1912.00582","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-12-02T05:42:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dab32b42cf42007baf7a1053797e9a7ab4aaa5340ffdb1268ea17fe70a2812aa","abstract_canon_sha256":"02f04e8409d36fde424c6e74dd0ab9f453416eeb1815d707591ea610be50330d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8d12e4a7e556156dfb134ba9f4960225cf074009d522360f19c54b7fef88cc59","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1912.00582","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1912.00582","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1912.00582v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1912.00582","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RUJOJJ7FKYKW","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YT","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RUJOJJ7F","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1912.00582","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-12-02T05:42:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dab32b42cf42007baf7a1053797e9a7ab4aaa5340ffdb1268ea17fe70a2812aa","abstract_canon_sha256":"02f04e8409d36fde424c6e74dd0ab9f453416eeb1815d707591ea610be50330d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8d12e4a7e556156dfb134ba9f4960225cf074009d522360f19c54b7fef88cc59","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13.477155Z","signature_b64":"nl57K5bRkgenBzeRJaM45eqE31Pb5gMJBQ+ZFVUmmEVQdMujS1jHwq91eDEoXPXoDOCQjU+eK1t9unwFdtGpDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8d12e4a7e556156dfb134ba9f4960225cf074009d522360f19c54b7fef88cc59","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13.476741Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13.476741Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1912.00582","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gZJvFDfveYHcTrPW46r1+iMC3KC3ZCwVAWvZMJ8Yrz8raoKPWvfoIfHtBeOT2+NqHLkfhrVq9zgCZEdb1oV7Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:05:20.780102Z"},"content_sha256":"938cd8fb5caff390feda35418b25c8b7659edbcadef905f9d2cfbb74994f9283","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:938cd8fb5caff390feda35418b25c8b7659edbcadef905f9d2cfbb74994f9283"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"BLiMP: The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs for English","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Alex Warstadt, Alicia Parrish, Anhad Mohananey, Haokun Liu, Samuel R. Bowman, Sheng-Fu Wang, Wei Peng","submitted_at":"2019-12-02T05:42:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs (shortened to BLiMP), a challenge set for evaluating what language models (LMs) know about major grammatical phenomena in English. BLiMP consists of 67 sub-datasets, each containing 1000 minimal pairs isolating specific contrasts in syntax, morphology, or semantics. The data is automatically generated according to expert-crafted grammars, and aggregate human agreement with the labels is 96.4%. We use it to evaluate n-gram, LSTM, and Transformer (GPT-2 and Transformer-XL) LMs. We find that state-of-the-art models identify morphological cont"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1912.00582","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1912.00582/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6Jxg/6So7duaVQmuzvPktgmazCycpEPKX5CED6lx9ewGNM2VJi4z5l8o2Gb5lkuAhXhM3BYca6mCe85Ogm9NCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:05:20.781459Z"},"content_sha256":"ad275d948446f8cc9331d64a51d2a2c10b4bbbaa2924d0d476b941034fada7d5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ad275d948446f8cc9331d64a51d2a2c10b4bbbaa2924d0d476b941034fada7d5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T20:05:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YTJOU7JFQCEX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"02f04e8409d36fde424c6e74dd0ab9f453416eeb1815d707591ea610be50330d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-12-02T05:42:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"dab32b42cf42007baf7a1053797e9a7ab4aaa5340ffdb1268ea17fe70a2812aa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1912.00582","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1912.00582","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1912.00582v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1912.00582","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RUJOJJ7FKYKW","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RUJOJJ7FKYKW36YT","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RUJOJJ7F","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ad275d948446f8cc9331d64a51d2a2c10b4bbbaa2924d0d476b941034fada7d5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1912.00582/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs (shortened to BLiMP), a challenge set for evaluating what language models (LMs) know about major grammatical phenomena in English. BLiMP consists of 67 sub-datasets, each containing 1000 minimal pairs isolating specific contrasts in syntax, morphology, or semantics. The data is automatically generated according to expert-crafted grammars, and aggregate human agreement with the labels is 96.4%. We use it to evaluate n-gram, LSTM, and Transformer (GPT-2 and Transformer-XL) LMs. We find that state-of-the-art models identify morphological cont","authors_text":"Alex Warstadt, Alicia Parrish, Anhad Mohananey, Haokun Liu, Samuel R. Bowman, Sheng-Fu Wang, Wei Peng","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-12-02T05:42:41Z","title":"BLiMP: The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs for English"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1912.00582","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:938cd8fb5caff390feda35418b25c8b7659edbcadef905f9d2cfbb74994f9283","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"02f04e8409d36fde424c6e74dd0ab9f453416eeb1815d707591ea610be50330d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-12-02T05:42:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"dab32b42cf42007baf7a1053797e9a7ab4aaa5340ffdb1268ea17fe70a2812aa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1912.00582","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"8d12e4a7e556156dfb134ba9f4960225cf074009d522360f19c54b7fef88cc59","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8d12e4a7e556156dfb134ba9f4960225cf074009d522360f19c54b7fef88cc59","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13.476741Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13.476741Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nl57K5bRkgenBzeRJaM45eqE31Pb5gMJBQ+ZFVUmmEVQdMujS1jHwq91eDEoXPXoDOCQjU+eK1t9unwFdtGpDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:13.477155Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1912.00582","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:938cd8fb5caff390feda35418b25c8b7659edbcadef905f9d2cfbb74994f9283","sha256:ad275d948446f8cc9331d64a51d2a2c10b4bbbaa2924d0d476b941034fada7d5"],"state_sha256":"b50f976c27cbbe7ce16bf17aae20b8b82a554806edfa0c2bbc20ca15dba7deb1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"F18X1EadWsUqZ12PXnS1Lx3MjDOxZIw0E1SIqd9B1hRLiw7XQFAZhxazu5NgIzrPvXergnksuGAk/fABS9wyDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:05:20.801015Z","bundle_sha256":"5a7de8d63bc14654c68fc102cf2443a56bf03a573ec56f917714892dc669e386"}}