{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J","short_pith_number":"pith:RUKRK3KV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.07875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-09-20T21:50:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a3379fd44276fe788d80359854a4ddc21443a9db3527d611fa0e62e422316526","abstract_canon_sha256":"07a0d45b3c887d61f6040e6ae356e6657dca43a8f45dcb3c7ddb5fb0a6443de5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8d15156d55c10cb224404e348f5dc4e269b24d1932a422b7341c632409fe8df0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.07875","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.07875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.07875v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.07875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RUKRK3KVYEGL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RUKRK3KV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.07875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-09-20T21:50:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a3379fd44276fe788d80359854a4ddc21443a9db3527d611fa0e62e422316526","abstract_canon_sha256":"07a0d45b3c887d61f6040e6ae356e6657dca43a8f45dcb3c7ddb5fb0a6443de5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8d15156d55c10cb224404e348f5dc4e269b24d1932a422b7341c632409fe8df0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04.335560Z","signature_b64":"M2BErI6yUs+Cij+gC9QwWdVNb89519VOjCOyAwh70gDY8BZP4rJR6F2lWTzdOJHala2UKYpoM7Vi1v6VLLPjBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8d15156d55c10cb224404e348f5dc4e269b24d1932a422b7341c632409fe8df0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04.335064Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04.335064Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.07875","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5UqHF0D7CE6Oi6f/mmD9ySnAzH/A+NtBW4pPr3Zceoo6S/d3deCYYgZbNMJE1jLDf8tJgSwTIkybStXnLNCNCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T08:16:39.124460Z"},"content_sha256":"dc6f46be29c8ef0317fd57da77f83de7d57d14cfabc874a70769854671f0948e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dc6f46be29c8ef0317fd57da77f83de7d57d14cfabc874a70769854671f0948e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Can high-density human collective motion be forecasted by spatiotemporal fluctuations?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Arianna Bottinelli, Jesse L. Silverberg","submitted_at":"2018-09-20T21:50:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Concerts, protests, and sporting events are occurring with increasing frequency and magnitude. The extreme physical conditions common to these events are known to cause injuries and loss-of-life due to the emergence of collective motion such as crowd crush, turbulence, and density waves. Mathematical models of human crowds aimed at enhancing crowd safety by understanding these phenomena are developed with input from a variety of disciplines. However, model validation is challenged by a lack of high-quality empirical data and ethical constraints surrounding human crowd research. Consequently, g"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.07875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A0xetY++r7Ky2KSMzu1WXTLcHdIRu05PPUzxe1zRjvWwFd7IIi1hb3DlRaV7tsQy5dOQouAUbBhC79wKtpLtBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T08:16:39.124819Z"},"content_sha256":"38725ec71b5bab004fe411f185ac12a516811a42d90aaef2e63d541a294a17e2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:38725ec71b5bab004fe411f185ac12a516811a42d90aaef2e63d541a294a17e2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T08:16:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCAJY2I6XOE4J","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"07a0d45b3c887d61f6040e6ae356e6657dca43a8f45dcb3c7ddb5fb0a6443de5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-09-20T21:50:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"a3379fd44276fe788d80359854a4ddc21443a9db3527d611fa0e62e422316526"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.07875","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.07875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.07875v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.07875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RUKRK3KVYEGL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RUKRK3KVYEGLEJCA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RUKRK3KV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:38725ec71b5bab004fe411f185ac12a516811a42d90aaef2e63d541a294a17e2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Concerts, protests, and sporting events are occurring with increasing frequency and magnitude. The extreme physical conditions common to these events are known to cause injuries and loss-of-life due to the emergence of collective motion such as crowd crush, turbulence, and density waves. Mathematical models of human crowds aimed at enhancing crowd safety by understanding these phenomena are developed with input from a variety of disciplines. However, model validation is challenged by a lack of high-quality empirical data and ethical constraints surrounding human crowd research. Consequently, g","authors_text":"Arianna Bottinelli, Jesse L. Silverberg","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-09-20T21:50:10Z","title":"Can high-density human collective motion be forecasted by spatiotemporal fluctuations?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.07875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dc6f46be29c8ef0317fd57da77f83de7d57d14cfabc874a70769854671f0948e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"07a0d45b3c887d61f6040e6ae356e6657dca43a8f45dcb3c7ddb5fb0a6443de5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-09-20T21:50:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"a3379fd44276fe788d80359854a4ddc21443a9db3527d611fa0e62e422316526"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.07875","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"8d15156d55c10cb224404e348f5dc4e269b24d1932a422b7341c632409fe8df0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8d15156d55c10cb224404e348f5dc4e269b24d1932a422b7341c632409fe8df0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04.335064Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04.335064Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"M2BErI6yUs+Cij+gC9QwWdVNb89519VOjCOyAwh70gDY8BZP4rJR6F2lWTzdOJHala2UKYpoM7Vi1v6VLLPjBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:04.335560Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.07875","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dc6f46be29c8ef0317fd57da77f83de7d57d14cfabc874a70769854671f0948e","sha256:38725ec71b5bab004fe411f185ac12a516811a42d90aaef2e63d541a294a17e2"],"state_sha256":"3d50756789ad457ba01dc6b5262dfec16ea21a73f2c9715b17fdb09eeac69dae"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y2oATkaErdRocvxWGQ7waml5VxieaWIyDE6DjQ+7/DVeowY+rNKi74eo43ZFy5THBas4I5ZdW/yP5sVhpVXmAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T08:16:39.129305Z","bundle_sha256":"571e03613c5837474f49cd08da4954b9303e56bf791cf0adc491d9310efca4bd"}}