{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3","short_pith_number":"pith:RUPAWLID","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.02821","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-01-09T07:02:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7104e1e15117a9a513bdcf738d5f57c8a2578caecee251aee26037ab03fdec72","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f23dfc8c0ed25e25a5aaa3ff3545ba219ab71610f8d06e0f0836a9a33c92bdc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8d1e0b2d0366186f5591cc86c80d5b16dabc7d810a2b9c14c89864f47c32afc9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1801.02821","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.02821","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.02821v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.02821","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RUPAWLIDMYMG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RUPAWLID","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.02821","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-01-09T07:02:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7104e1e15117a9a513bdcf738d5f57c8a2578caecee251aee26037ab03fdec72","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f23dfc8c0ed25e25a5aaa3ff3545ba219ab71610f8d06e0f0836a9a33c92bdc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8d1e0b2d0366186f5591cc86c80d5b16dabc7d810a2b9c14c89864f47c32afc9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50.654680Z","signature_b64":"YjqUI6Obg5MomR50P7Xorj6D2sDn/O1n+2+n+S1K7rqQcvCDcvoGjQYwpzv0CvrfLSvxKK8i6K/+u0gsgOfpDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8d1e0b2d0366186f5591cc86c80d5b16dabc7d810a2b9c14c89864f47c32afc9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50.654077Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50.654077Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1801.02821","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bXukxPREmUWcl+bxPAKrsCPYsK45dUJj/KLzbSShHXPJCW1+bRYOG/8ad9DvxMA4xTPDQ8AT+LPnjMvsU/EJDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T16:59:44.234518Z"},"content_sha256":"cb5d14e9d5ac008d49eed364ce04c4e2182de418d1320e32f7de343e3133e701","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb5d14e9d5ac008d49eed364ce04c4e2182de418d1320e32f7de343e3133e701"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Interstellar Interlopers: Number Density and Origins of 'Oumuamua-like Objects","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Aaron Do, John Tonry, Michael A. Tucker","submitted_at":"2018-01-09T07:02:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"We provide a calculation of Pan-STARRS' ability to detect objects similar to the interstellar object 1I/2017 U1 (hereafter 'Oumuamua), including the most detectable approach vectors and the effect of object size on detection efficiency. Using our updated detection cross-section, we infer an interstellar number density of such objects ($n_{IS} \\approx 0.2~\\rm{au}^{-3}$). This translates to a mass density of $\\rho_{IS} \\approx 4M_\\oplus~\\rm{pc}^{-3}$ which cannot be populated unless every star is contributing. We find that given current models, such a number density cannot arise from the ejectio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.02821","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LgtW3Po45/Norvc0DhShYNBSW7aolnLU38hdOjl4b3KnQpCBMO5Io8I91cUuhIMbSr8/S6cjX8tpaXsuU43TCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T16:59:44.234887Z"},"content_sha256":"cded4e9ed59d4f2ddaf48c460840c556e8b289daba2238dc555a7c4c1893aa4d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cded4e9ed59d4f2ddaf48c460840c556e8b289daba2238dc555a7c4c1893aa4d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T16:59:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMRZSDMQDK3C3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f23dfc8c0ed25e25a5aaa3ff3545ba219ab71610f8d06e0f0836a9a33c92bdc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-01-09T07:02:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"7104e1e15117a9a513bdcf738d5f57c8a2578caecee251aee26037ab03fdec72"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.02821","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.02821","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.02821v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.02821","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RUPAWLIDMYMG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RUPAWLIDMYMG6VMR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RUPAWLID","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cded4e9ed59d4f2ddaf48c460840c556e8b289daba2238dc555a7c4c1893aa4d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We provide a calculation of Pan-STARRS' ability to detect objects similar to the interstellar object 1I/2017 U1 (hereafter 'Oumuamua), including the most detectable approach vectors and the effect of object size on detection efficiency. Using our updated detection cross-section, we infer an interstellar number density of such objects ($n_{IS} \\approx 0.2~\\rm{au}^{-3}$). This translates to a mass density of $\\rho_{IS} \\approx 4M_\\oplus~\\rm{pc}^{-3}$ which cannot be populated unless every star is contributing. We find that given current models, such a number density cannot arise from the ejectio","authors_text":"Aaron Do, John Tonry, Michael A. Tucker","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-01-09T07:02:46Z","title":"Interstellar Interlopers: Number Density and Origins of 'Oumuamua-like Objects"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.02821","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cb5d14e9d5ac008d49eed364ce04c4e2182de418d1320e32f7de343e3133e701","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f23dfc8c0ed25e25a5aaa3ff3545ba219ab71610f8d06e0f0836a9a33c92bdc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-01-09T07:02:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"7104e1e15117a9a513bdcf738d5f57c8a2578caecee251aee26037ab03fdec72"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.02821","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"8d1e0b2d0366186f5591cc86c80d5b16dabc7d810a2b9c14c89864f47c32afc9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8d1e0b2d0366186f5591cc86c80d5b16dabc7d810a2b9c14c89864f47c32afc9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50.654077Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50.654077Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YjqUI6Obg5MomR50P7Xorj6D2sDn/O1n+2+n+S1K7rqQcvCDcvoGjQYwpzv0CvrfLSvxKK8i6K/+u0gsgOfpDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:50.654680Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1801.02821","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cb5d14e9d5ac008d49eed364ce04c4e2182de418d1320e32f7de343e3133e701","sha256:cded4e9ed59d4f2ddaf48c460840c556e8b289daba2238dc555a7c4c1893aa4d"],"state_sha256":"a9f6ff68f402722817ce91926f2e65a8a3eede371fd95192cefd710d307b0810"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"S+LEGwjJ5wDs96VmVVMpuLf3+TJ4hRDEEriYa5HFxKJC5seB+psY+9IJsTnSbFkuMaobrJtTjykqrSzc2NUoAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T16:59:44.237238Z","bundle_sha256":"40787c9fbb6a70bd1c5401e4c9b6ac9a176b5cfa34b787315b1a30faaea7e145"}}