{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV","short_pith_number":"pith:RWZCUDOV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.14473","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-04-20T03:42:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph","physics.app-ph","physics.comp-ph","physics.data-an"],"title_canon_sha256":"5a96e15a7d57a7c9f6c621f15214860e4ce4a7acca2e8ac6597c5ee34e393bc6","abstract_canon_sha256":"e52425c972bda2c483f75a55ffcb060f0a6ee186a184f4cb26a06b4ccf94941e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8db22a0dd5b046fa14285ff08e6784bd77a8b5045172595a1c6b96fd1519c28f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2504.14473","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.14473","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.14473v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.14473","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RWZCUDOVWBDP","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBI","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RWZCUDOV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.14473","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-04-20T03:42:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph","physics.app-ph","physics.comp-ph","physics.data-an"],"title_canon_sha256":"5a96e15a7d57a7c9f6c621f15214860e4ce4a7acca2e8ac6597c5ee34e393bc6","abstract_canon_sha256":"e52425c972bda2c483f75a55ffcb060f0a6ee186a184f4cb26a06b4ccf94941e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8db22a0dd5b046fa14285ff08e6784bd77a8b5045172595a1c6b96fd1519c28f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44.092099Z","signature_b64":"QE0WdymsvuRQk0tM63WBZJA+9oOF+XEt0blOsPNq9McODGa6yf9lNhAhNjLTXJdzecgMpLo65fsNNj0bh7OsDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8db22a0dd5b046fa14285ff08e6784bd77a8b5045172595a1c6b96fd1519c28f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44.091598Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44.091598Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2504.14473","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8VGuHQ89h7AU+v+YWIluLGm8cOdhUB7n44qYlQWiVlVsvBLMeWEk3WhxtYjE3PVcO8H0Q+Dsq+vb8P8FPq/BDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T15:53:04.774890Z"},"content_sha256":"a5cb702a297f3c916d66cc6f2e74b8ec2c8755277216855355a780a07b63e639","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a5cb702a297f3c916d66cc6f2e74b8ec2c8755277216855355a780a07b63e639"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Invariance-embedded Machine Learning Sub-grid-scale Stress Models for Meso-scale Hurricane Boundary Layer Flow Simulation I: Model Development and $\\textit{a priori}$ Studies","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.ao-ph","physics.app-ph","physics.comp-ph","physics.data-an"],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Md Badrul Hasan, Meilin Yu, Tim Oates","submitted_at":"2025-04-20T03:42:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"This study develops invariance-embedded machine learning sub-grid-scale (SGS) stress models admitting turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) backscatter towards more accurate large eddy simulation (LES) of meso-scale turbulent hurricane boundary layer flows. The new machine learning SGS model consists of two parts: a classification model used to distinguish regions with either strong energy cascade or energy backscatter from those with mild TKE transfer and a regression model used to calculate SGS stresses in regions with strong TKE transfer. To ease model implementation in computational fluid dynami"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.14473","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2504.14473/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kXxXrn3lILQ2nlcrVDCfl8pp4MargtwST2W9N8NHiBO6xljHCKWbGogLslrQr70epYivHUp31Y9A0AoEIu77Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T15:53:04.775290Z"},"content_sha256":"6043d07cd6b96805c4d858db9f8db690433328dc089acc27cffac7ca8deb846d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6043d07cd6b96805c4d858db9f8db690433328dc089acc27cffac7ca8deb846d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T15:53:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBIL7YI4Z4EXV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e52425c972bda2c483f75a55ffcb060f0a6ee186a184f4cb26a06b4ccf94941e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph","physics.app-ph","physics.comp-ph","physics.data-an"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-04-20T03:42:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"5a96e15a7d57a7c9f6c621f15214860e4ce4a7acca2e8ac6597c5ee34e393bc6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2504.14473","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.14473","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.14473v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.14473","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RWZCUDOVWBDP","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RWZCUDOVWBDPUFBI","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RWZCUDOV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6043d07cd6b96805c4d858db9f8db690433328dc089acc27cffac7ca8deb846d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2504.14473/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This study develops invariance-embedded machine learning sub-grid-scale (SGS) stress models admitting turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) backscatter towards more accurate large eddy simulation (LES) of meso-scale turbulent hurricane boundary layer flows. The new machine learning SGS model consists of two parts: a classification model used to distinguish regions with either strong energy cascade or energy backscatter from those with mild TKE transfer and a regression model used to calculate SGS stresses in regions with strong TKE transfer. To ease model implementation in computational fluid dynami","authors_text":"Md Badrul Hasan, Meilin Yu, Tim Oates","cross_cats":["physics.ao-ph","physics.app-ph","physics.comp-ph","physics.data-an"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-04-20T03:42:48Z","title":"Invariance-embedded Machine Learning Sub-grid-scale Stress Models for Meso-scale Hurricane Boundary Layer Flow Simulation I: Model Development and $\\textit{a priori}$ Studies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.14473","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a5cb702a297f3c916d66cc6f2e74b8ec2c8755277216855355a780a07b63e639","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e52425c972bda2c483f75a55ffcb060f0a6ee186a184f4cb26a06b4ccf94941e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph","physics.app-ph","physics.comp-ph","physics.data-an"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-04-20T03:42:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"5a96e15a7d57a7c9f6c621f15214860e4ce4a7acca2e8ac6597c5ee34e393bc6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2504.14473","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8db22a0dd5b046fa14285ff08e6784bd77a8b5045172595a1c6b96fd1519c28f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8db22a0dd5b046fa14285ff08e6784bd77a8b5045172595a1c6b96fd1519c28f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44.091598Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44.091598Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"QE0WdymsvuRQk0tM63WBZJA+9oOF+XEt0blOsPNq9McODGa6yf9lNhAhNjLTXJdzecgMpLo65fsNNj0bh7OsDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:44.092099Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2504.14473","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a5cb702a297f3c916d66cc6f2e74b8ec2c8755277216855355a780a07b63e639","sha256:6043d07cd6b96805c4d858db9f8db690433328dc089acc27cffac7ca8deb846d"],"state_sha256":"906a765ee00ed45edf1c985db4fd70a3e922d9b99538aea0169d407458dd033f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"y1kwBPIY6y5Y57utGnNTLL+9N75eIroqw5dAg2I+sLkAoftLBKNG6sSWARebwBTRF6ryeA1GZxPipSZG9cwhCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T15:53:04.777954Z","bundle_sha256":"9171f29cc541f5193b513e6d56590dec70fba314cc68b4d36d8d898caad4a660"}}