{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2014:RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP","short_pith_number":"pith:RYI6XKOL","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"8e11eba9cb8c82ec05ade404fdcca92bddecc3eb87cb4c5005926e65e63aac2a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1401.1287","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"The chart based approach to studying the global structure of a spacetime induces a coordinate invariant boundary","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Ben Whale","submitted_at":"2014-01-07T06:52:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"I demonstrate that the chart based approach to the study of the global structure of Lorentzian manifolds induces a homeomorphism of the manifold into a topological space as an open dense set. The topological boundary of this homeomorphism is a chart independent boundary of ideal points equipped with a topological structure and a physically motivated classification. I show that this new boundary contains all other boundaries that can be presented as the topological boundary of an envelopment. Hence, in particular, it is a generalisation of Penrose's conformal boundary. I provide three detailed "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.1287","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-01-07T06:52:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"165c704b2500004a4d00afb1a2954a69c558461233551d917765f714743d279d","abstract_canon_sha256":"1a5b86b92054db1e3baec9503144024fa5f43921ff66bd06ac39179f33f9b383"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:44.782489Z","signature_b64":"OkZLrgWHrOA+DlBm/0MQNX/dY2TbVuTQ3gfn3tIEMQJXzLur+Ph8nrCIhgGAKLoj7MzH3LSVp62dcstBNdUwCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8e11eba9cb8c82ec05ade404fdcca92bddecc3eb87cb4c5005926e65e63aac2a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:44.782081Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:44.782081Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The chart based approach to studying the global structure of a spacetime induces a coordinate invariant boundary","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Ben Whale","submitted_at":"2014-01-07T06:52:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"I demonstrate that the chart based approach to the study of the global structure of Lorentzian manifolds induces a homeomorphism of the manifold into a topological space as an open dense set. The topological boundary of this homeomorphism is a chart independent boundary of ideal points equipped with a topological structure and a physically motivated classification. I show that this new boundary contains all other boundaries that can be presented as the topological boundary of an envelopment. Hence, in particular, it is a generalisation of Penrose's conformal boundary. I provide three detailed "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.1287","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.1287","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:44.782135+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.1287v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:44.782135+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.1287","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:44.782135+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RYI6XKOLRSBO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46.137349+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46.137349+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RYI6XKOL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46.137349+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP","json":"https://pith.science/pith/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/RYI6XKOL"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/RYI6XKOL","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1401.1287&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/RYI6XKOLRSBOYBNN4QCP3TFJFP/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:44.782135+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:44.782135+00:00"}