{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2007:RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW","short_pith_number":"pith:RZ2POIQD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0708.4361","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2007-08-31T14:52:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th","physics.gen-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"ab1a6d72c760e96bc29bb143c918b9919375c8c93f62a30e618d58793a359e98","abstract_canon_sha256":"218c3f5da4fed2f555ab6931bbda23cc2f93ac7090847276b9958748ee110a6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8e74f7220354cd4c385a14f9928c2815826d79ed02c8e2bb12cc207dfb036967","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0708.4361","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0708.4361","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0708.4361v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0708.4361","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RZ2POIQDKTGU","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RZ2POIQD","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2007:RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0708.4361","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2007-08-31T14:52:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th","physics.gen-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"ab1a6d72c760e96bc29bb143c918b9919375c8c93f62a30e618d58793a359e98","abstract_canon_sha256":"218c3f5da4fed2f555ab6931bbda23cc2f93ac7090847276b9958748ee110a6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8e74f7220354cd4c385a14f9928c2815826d79ed02c8e2bb12cc207dfb036967","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57.037723Z","signature_b64":"3E+ABoQxCyOfXenMhmw6ZL40cnEOmuTSPLySuRDKBoskP9l8nhXdjnIdU3XRR7aaZMZ95Lmw4Mxkb1COVhOxDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8e74f7220354cd4c385a14f9928c2815826d79ed02c8e2bb12cc207dfb036967","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57.037387Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57.037387Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0708.4361","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g6Ab0dliDUqViPIYU2N32mcy8IRpBnExjwjf6xxlfgRvMpUnq9vqGM1huEeOchPBgcVb8YH6i6F9rvMY964/Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T22:22:23.026217Z"},"content_sha256":"76ed7fd6b960c8a1d38bf6f98be16a8d8305851ab4cf90a2dd73b02cd04f6a6c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:76ed7fd6b960c8a1d38bf6f98be16a8d8305851ab4cf90a2dd73b02cd04f6a6c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2007:RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fundamental Constants","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th","physics.gen-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Frank Wilczek","submitted_at":"2007-08-31T14:52:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"The notion of ``fundamental constant'' is heavily theory-laden. A natural, fairly precise formulation is possible in the context of the standard model (here defined to include gravity). Some fundamental constants have profound geometric meaning. The ordinary gravitational constant parameterizes the stiffness, or resistance to curvature, of space-time. The cosmological term parameterizes space-time's resistance to expansion -- which may be, and apparently is at present, a {\\it negative} resistance, i.e. a tendency toward expansion. The three gauge couplings of the strong, electromagnetic, and w"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0708.4361","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/0708.4361/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZE1H//UBsEilNLZhfg2pAIeFQ3/PJdmwKdAPvSK9Rax3IbRXY/k4kYrExIfOxU0CsLnzKXlp1SmBvzMoIudaDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T22:22:23.026719Z"},"content_sha256":"28a5c9fe95d40c885381c79fa20df200b0edcf96900da233c2b95e4fe3915aab","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:28a5c9fe95d40c885381c79fa20df200b0edcf96900da233c2b95e4fe3915aab"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T22:22:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2007:RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2CT4ZFDBICW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"218c3f5da4fed2f555ab6931bbda23cc2f93ac7090847276b9958748ee110a6c","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th","physics.gen-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2007-08-31T14:52:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"ab1a6d72c760e96bc29bb143c918b9919375c8c93f62a30e618d58793a359e98"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0708.4361","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0708.4361","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0708.4361v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0708.4361","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RZ2POIQDKTGU","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RZ2POIQDKTGUYOC2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RZ2POIQD","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:28a5c9fe95d40c885381c79fa20df200b0edcf96900da233c2b95e4fe3915aab","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/0708.4361/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The notion of ``fundamental constant'' is heavily theory-laden. A natural, fairly precise formulation is possible in the context of the standard model (here defined to include gravity). Some fundamental constants have profound geometric meaning. The ordinary gravitational constant parameterizes the stiffness, or resistance to curvature, of space-time. The cosmological term parameterizes space-time's resistance to expansion -- which may be, and apparently is at present, a {\\it negative} resistance, i.e. a tendency toward expansion. The three gauge couplings of the strong, electromagnetic, and w","authors_text":"Frank Wilczek","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th","physics.gen-ph"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2007-08-31T14:52:19Z","title":"Fundamental Constants"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0708.4361","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:76ed7fd6b960c8a1d38bf6f98be16a8d8305851ab4cf90a2dd73b02cd04f6a6c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"218c3f5da4fed2f555ab6931bbda23cc2f93ac7090847276b9958748ee110a6c","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th","physics.gen-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2007-08-31T14:52:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"ab1a6d72c760e96bc29bb143c918b9919375c8c93f62a30e618d58793a359e98"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0708.4361","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8e74f7220354cd4c385a14f9928c2815826d79ed02c8e2bb12cc207dfb036967","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8e74f7220354cd4c385a14f9928c2815826d79ed02c8e2bb12cc207dfb036967","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57.037387Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57.037387Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3E+ABoQxCyOfXenMhmw6ZL40cnEOmuTSPLySuRDKBoskP9l8nhXdjnIdU3XRR7aaZMZ95Lmw4Mxkb1COVhOxDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:57.037723Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0708.4361","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:76ed7fd6b960c8a1d38bf6f98be16a8d8305851ab4cf90a2dd73b02cd04f6a6c","sha256:28a5c9fe95d40c885381c79fa20df200b0edcf96900da233c2b95e4fe3915aab"],"state_sha256":"db1ee3b52fc3588a6012e84b7198c46561a50066593725fa54be7b50678e2a31"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"phNyNvpM+Bpmado7tjJAA4NdOIyIfHC+Xd6Uu0JugSxOCtJRf5IFytFXrO1nsa4LMvjZSTvzg3wBD1QEgGa9CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T22:22:23.030582Z","bundle_sha256":"eba8e322efd6c96c5ae2e51271a6dfb230883ceebe7d44c32d8ec36839926458"}}