{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX","short_pith_number":"pith:S3Y3UNQO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2206.07196","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-06-14T22:53:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"32fac52b251dfab62f7efe5bafa139882b533d969c87569a1cca5be566d6dfd4","abstract_canon_sha256":"8c6332683cf7b0a821679067db72eddff8cb43d99478ec62eb3989bdf417b6f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"96f1ba360ee5b8a02b2eccee4c503d45e4addc59280c9afef50639610e6c7997","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2206.07196","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2206.07196","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2206.07196v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2206.07196","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S3Y3UNQO4W4K","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZO","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S3Y3UNQO","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2206.07196","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-06-14T22:53:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"32fac52b251dfab62f7efe5bafa139882b533d969c87569a1cca5be566d6dfd4","abstract_canon_sha256":"8c6332683cf7b0a821679067db72eddff8cb43d99478ec62eb3989bdf417b6f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"96f1ba360ee5b8a02b2eccee4c503d45e4addc59280c9afef50639610e6c7997","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59.274295Z","signature_b64":"mvw6NpIsr5iib59wBeYPkNY02IIh5Q/CojkGVYw916DDG02evsDFobUY22E6OHsT1Qn+K4556eOgv+YviFQWCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"96f1ba360ee5b8a02b2eccee4c503d45e4addc59280c9afef50639610e6c7997","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59.273837Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59.273837Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2206.07196","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GMP31pNX5aywwG6ofm1SuqWOZO/8WiRW3zL4OAEFXGlJNtEvqqrAUR0qYh4bqbgLPihqVpGNbxL1CxDcaD1CCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T16:27:21.847066Z"},"content_sha256":"22d40fe785882f6a15d740a978fe8890700aeeff28ec45d767a33784c3153f2d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:22d40fe785882f6a15d740a978fe8890700aeeff28ec45d767a33784c3153f2d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards a Solution to Bongard Problems: A Causal Approach","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Devendra Singh Dhami, Kristian Kersting, Matej Ze\\v{c}evi\\'c, Salahedine Youssef","submitted_at":"2022-06-14T22:53:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Even though AI has advanced rapidly in recent years displaying success in solving highly complex problems, the class of Bongard Problems (BPs) yet remain largely unsolved by modern ML techniques. In this paper, we propose a new approach in an attempt to not only solve BPs but also extract meaning out of learned representations. This includes the reformulation of the classical BP into a reinforcement learning (RL) setting which will allow the model to gain access to counterfactuals to guide its decisions but also explain its decisions. Since learning meaningful representations in BPs is an esse"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2206.07196","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2206.07196/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m/z2GjnUC1kXn3vBjUkGdl+MZn1rZhmrofIzkq6N+Y0TshMS+HlILw0+eqZoAbkdDENIBrdYMPogVcLyJh4MAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T16:27:21.847980Z"},"content_sha256":"592c26364d7bcf74f60ceab6175e1142dbec9b03dd719bbb96ab79177c4c4bfd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:592c26364d7bcf74f60ceab6175e1142dbec9b03dd719bbb96ab79177c4c4bfd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T16:27:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZOZTXEYUB5IX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8c6332683cf7b0a821679067db72eddff8cb43d99478ec62eb3989bdf417b6f3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-06-14T22:53:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"32fac52b251dfab62f7efe5bafa139882b533d969c87569a1cca5be566d6dfd4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2206.07196","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2206.07196","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2206.07196v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2206.07196","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S3Y3UNQO4W4K","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S3Y3UNQO4W4KAKZO","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S3Y3UNQO","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:592c26364d7bcf74f60ceab6175e1142dbec9b03dd719bbb96ab79177c4c4bfd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2206.07196/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Even though AI has advanced rapidly in recent years displaying success in solving highly complex problems, the class of Bongard Problems (BPs) yet remain largely unsolved by modern ML techniques. In this paper, we propose a new approach in an attempt to not only solve BPs but also extract meaning out of learned representations. This includes the reformulation of the classical BP into a reinforcement learning (RL) setting which will allow the model to gain access to counterfactuals to guide its decisions but also explain its decisions. Since learning meaningful representations in BPs is an esse","authors_text":"Devendra Singh Dhami, Kristian Kersting, Matej Ze\\v{c}evi\\'c, Salahedine Youssef","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-06-14T22:53:36Z","title":"Towards a Solution to Bongard Problems: A Causal Approach"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2206.07196","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:22d40fe785882f6a15d740a978fe8890700aeeff28ec45d767a33784c3153f2d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8c6332683cf7b0a821679067db72eddff8cb43d99478ec62eb3989bdf417b6f3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-06-14T22:53:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"32fac52b251dfab62f7efe5bafa139882b533d969c87569a1cca5be566d6dfd4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2206.07196","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"96f1ba360ee5b8a02b2eccee4c503d45e4addc59280c9afef50639610e6c7997","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"96f1ba360ee5b8a02b2eccee4c503d45e4addc59280c9afef50639610e6c7997","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59.273837Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59.273837Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mvw6NpIsr5iib59wBeYPkNY02IIh5Q/CojkGVYw916DDG02evsDFobUY22E6OHsT1Qn+K4556eOgv+YviFQWCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:27:59.274295Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2206.07196","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:22d40fe785882f6a15d740a978fe8890700aeeff28ec45d767a33784c3153f2d","sha256:592c26364d7bcf74f60ceab6175e1142dbec9b03dd719bbb96ab79177c4c4bfd"],"state_sha256":"fb8cd771e4b3e2f4255260322ccef84ca2e0a129455fcf24224b6088e1c641db"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"W3KlXY7cAdfvoDa4rwb5LS9A1cmLfMvBoSSNRC8+MLNouXllgUJhNRGIk9H8nkV98QKNx7QM8uSMu4TWm0sdCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T16:27:21.853644Z","bundle_sha256":"d3c1a2fe71e33c0b66fe1ff1dc2299501ae19b9c798029bba5fc10b6762a19bf"}}