{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ","short_pith_number":"pith:S4HD4Z5T","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.07234","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T17:58:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.IT","cs.LG","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"3883ebe26f0ed2bc3a5a7b006db7aabe583939625cfba2a6ad4d4ed87e25c852","abstract_canon_sha256":"50bf489e67b23fae774178a6d1f02565f02b44baaf55dc736c0bd7789dd8006a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"970e3e67b352b87db5636d103a69eb2c0669e3be24604cd840630cf71570b096","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2210.07234","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.07234","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.07234v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.07234","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S4HD4Z5TKK4H","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLD","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S4HD4Z5T","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.07234","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T17:58:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.IT","cs.LG","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"3883ebe26f0ed2bc3a5a7b006db7aabe583939625cfba2a6ad4d4ed87e25c852","abstract_canon_sha256":"50bf489e67b23fae774178a6d1f02565f02b44baaf55dc736c0bd7789dd8006a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"970e3e67b352b87db5636d103a69eb2c0669e3be24604cd840630cf71570b096","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26.017826Z","signature_b64":"12e6LEotjJsq9hXdNjFGStJC/cE/cbBP6HVwgA6uKPtl4hKsMsJhaXUviNFyIywvDxweFZwRCR1R6+Q7bKNsDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"970e3e67b352b87db5636d103a69eb2c0669e3be24604cd840630cf71570b096","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26.017287Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26.017287Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2210.07234","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uNz9e3LwQT87rBboRFQgdtoXrtRnlLEcVciISpt9ALVY5zzZ5tCYecJi1xGZlo/zCb39NHe3+FuKK6g77hAdAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T08:43:55.032957Z"},"content_sha256":"2b0432973aeb103d8ac2479dbb61e1931e4ac7c1c98833bddb0e677d5d91537c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2b0432973aeb103d8ac2479dbb61e1931e4ac7c1c98833bddb0e677d5d91537c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Complexity of NISQ","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CC","cs.IT","cs.LG","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Hsin-Yuan Huang, Jerry Li, Jordan Cotler, Sitan Chen","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T17:58:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"The recent proliferation of NISQ devices has made it imperative to understand their computational power. In this work, we define and study the complexity class $\\textsf{NISQ} $, which is intended to encapsulate problems that can be efficiently solved by a classical computer with access to a NISQ device. To model existing devices, we assume the device can (1) noisily initialize all qubits, (2) apply many noisy quantum gates, and (3) perform a noisy measurement on all qubits. We first give evidence that $\\textsf{BPP}\\subsetneq \\textsf{NISQ}\\subsetneq \\textsf{BQP}$, by demonstrating super-polynom"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.07234","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2210.07234/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"H751dWZUIuvlJaqYhP07c4RG1C+6qgldmlKsjiUUogOBwtQL0F4yjSH8W5k7SjiYzKPWcYbswVfBqze/Ke43Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T08:43:55.033575Z"},"content_sha256":"c8dd868848d9722b062bb7b3ef04a7f54d0992fe9fcc978f166f283937955005","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c8dd868848d9722b062bb7b3ef04a7f54d0992fe9fcc978f166f283937955005"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T08:43:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLDNUIDU2PLFQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50bf489e67b23fae774178a6d1f02565f02b44baaf55dc736c0bd7789dd8006a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.IT","cs.LG","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T17:58:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"3883ebe26f0ed2bc3a5a7b006db7aabe583939625cfba2a6ad4d4ed87e25c852"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.07234","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.07234","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.07234v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.07234","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S4HD4Z5TKK4H","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S4HD4Z5TKK4H3NLD","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S4HD4Z5T","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c8dd868848d9722b062bb7b3ef04a7f54d0992fe9fcc978f166f283937955005","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2210.07234/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The recent proliferation of NISQ devices has made it imperative to understand their computational power. In this work, we define and study the complexity class $\\textsf{NISQ} $, which is intended to encapsulate problems that can be efficiently solved by a classical computer with access to a NISQ device. To model existing devices, we assume the device can (1) noisily initialize all qubits, (2) apply many noisy quantum gates, and (3) perform a noisy measurement on all qubits. We first give evidence that $\\textsf{BPP}\\subsetneq \\textsf{NISQ}\\subsetneq \\textsf{BQP}$, by demonstrating super-polynom","authors_text":"Hsin-Yuan Huang, Jerry Li, Jordan Cotler, Sitan Chen","cross_cats":["cs.CC","cs.IT","cs.LG","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T17:58:32Z","title":"The Complexity of NISQ"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.07234","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2b0432973aeb103d8ac2479dbb61e1931e4ac7c1c98833bddb0e677d5d91537c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50bf489e67b23fae774178a6d1f02565f02b44baaf55dc736c0bd7789dd8006a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.IT","cs.LG","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T17:58:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"3883ebe26f0ed2bc3a5a7b006db7aabe583939625cfba2a6ad4d4ed87e25c852"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.07234","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"970e3e67b352b87db5636d103a69eb2c0669e3be24604cd840630cf71570b096","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"970e3e67b352b87db5636d103a69eb2c0669e3be24604cd840630cf71570b096","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26.017287Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26.017287Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"12e6LEotjJsq9hXdNjFGStJC/cE/cbBP6HVwgA6uKPtl4hKsMsJhaXUviNFyIywvDxweFZwRCR1R6+Q7bKNsDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:26.017826Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2210.07234","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2b0432973aeb103d8ac2479dbb61e1931e4ac7c1c98833bddb0e677d5d91537c","sha256:c8dd868848d9722b062bb7b3ef04a7f54d0992fe9fcc978f166f283937955005"],"state_sha256":"d00116f9a9f18c53d65842d4ba648a3848ab0561c0a739bcf3490fe70eb2e3ce"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JTaDnSMEJqWBzlHiRtKissu8xEv7C6knwKJI9+AX50tY+965ZCp3XUxH5liXnBOyIc1GdNQDt0F3Y6PANU35Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T08:43:55.039118Z","bundle_sha256":"1b37c8e06e82ee51b0da10a4e43c8beff85a08a538e988bc27cd02fd13622713"}}