{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4","short_pith_number":"pith:S5A66KFK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.07846","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T02:23:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0e238b3e9dd862609d0f91cac582ee89feb61925db91370a79c50bf600101c4d","abstract_canon_sha256":"e6017557317c8476ff9c6ac4c5e7108c4268e65d0e32161f5fb72f3424aaf262"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9741ef28aa748902bf647d605f098c270d991bffa6fd19b7d91c589b92a906c4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1907.07846","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.07846","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.07846v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.07846","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S5A66KFKOSEQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S5A66KFKOSEQFP3E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S5A66KFK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.07846","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T02:23:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0e238b3e9dd862609d0f91cac582ee89feb61925db91370a79c50bf600101c4d","abstract_canon_sha256":"e6017557317c8476ff9c6ac4c5e7108c4268e65d0e32161f5fb72f3424aaf262"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9741ef28aa748902bf647d605f098c270d991bffa6fd19b7d91c589b92a906c4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16.005077Z","signature_b64":"pc0zEWxSzN90q/mw/K3h3pMn0FNSlogPQ2qEIw6MG/+iakdew/1YK8JPtns10GVMIq+qRhvCykIu1fcSQ3BMAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9741ef28aa748902bf647d605f098c270d991bffa6fd19b7d91c589b92a906c4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16.004408Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16.004408Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1907.07846","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"992jumNPhAi1qTzZeV0n+6M29+vB/yhCB3Ap/kmwT1CwvQGBQzirfJs7bOnWgFpobHbQu/IusSFEwgDN11ivAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:30:05.398085Z"},"content_sha256":"1dca7d9d2d2eb45df136daebfb0d8bf6a2503b95ac6547b7c6aae3e5fe81954c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1dca7d9d2d2eb45df136daebfb0d8bf6a2503b95ac6547b7c6aae3e5fe81954c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Investigations and Improvement of Robustness of Reduced-Order Models of Reacting Flow","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","authors_text":"Charles L. Merkle, Cheng Huang, Karthik Duraisamy","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T02:23:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"The impact of chemical reactions on the robustness and accuracy of projection-based Reduced-Order Models (ROMs) of fluid flows is investigated. Both Galerkin and Least-Squares Petrov Galerkin ROMs are shown to be less robust in reacting flows as compared to non-reacting flows. In particular, reacting flow ROMs show a strong sensitivity to \\st{the} resolution and are often unstable. To identify the main underlying causes, a representative problem that contains the essential physics encountered in typical combustion dynamics problems is chosen. Comparisons with non-reacting solutions are used to"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.07846","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z8cjuKQrgZ8l456CwgQa0+a2e8Oo0XkQupzau3kfNias6nwlYVVGCwz7VVxGx75T/L/8hqYhdle+LvcBupPJDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:30:05.398455Z"},"content_sha256":"29a9d46a640192cebb6b1d93e1f132887d9829f6841c35fc9127bb36d0fabc94","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:29a9d46a640192cebb6b1d93e1f132887d9829f6841c35fc9127bb36d0fabc94"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T00:30:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:S5A66KFKOSEQFP3EPVQF6CMME4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e6017557317c8476ff9c6ac4c5e7108c4268e65d0e32161f5fb72f3424aaf262","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T02:23:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"0e238b3e9dd862609d0f91cac582ee89feb61925db91370a79c50bf600101c4d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.07846","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.07846","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.07846v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.07846","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S5A66KFKOSEQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S5A66KFKOSEQFP3E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S5A66KFK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:29a9d46a640192cebb6b1d93e1f132887d9829f6841c35fc9127bb36d0fabc94","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The impact of chemical reactions on the robustness and accuracy of projection-based Reduced-Order Models (ROMs) of fluid flows is investigated. Both Galerkin and Least-Squares Petrov Galerkin ROMs are shown to be less robust in reacting flows as compared to non-reacting flows. In particular, reacting flow ROMs show a strong sensitivity to \\st{the} resolution and are often unstable. To identify the main underlying causes, a representative problem that contains the essential physics encountered in typical combustion dynamics problems is chosen. Comparisons with non-reacting solutions are used to","authors_text":"Charles L. Merkle, Cheng Huang, Karthik Duraisamy","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T02:23:41Z","title":"Investigations and Improvement of Robustness of Reduced-Order Models of Reacting Flow"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.07846","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1dca7d9d2d2eb45df136daebfb0d8bf6a2503b95ac6547b7c6aae3e5fe81954c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e6017557317c8476ff9c6ac4c5e7108c4268e65d0e32161f5fb72f3424aaf262","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T02:23:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"0e238b3e9dd862609d0f91cac582ee89feb61925db91370a79c50bf600101c4d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.07846","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9741ef28aa748902bf647d605f098c270d991bffa6fd19b7d91c589b92a906c4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9741ef28aa748902bf647d605f098c270d991bffa6fd19b7d91c589b92a906c4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16.004408Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16.004408Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pc0zEWxSzN90q/mw/K3h3pMn0FNSlogPQ2qEIw6MG/+iakdew/1YK8JPtns10GVMIq+qRhvCykIu1fcSQ3BMAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:16.005077Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1907.07846","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1dca7d9d2d2eb45df136daebfb0d8bf6a2503b95ac6547b7c6aae3e5fe81954c","sha256:29a9d46a640192cebb6b1d93e1f132887d9829f6841c35fc9127bb36d0fabc94"],"state_sha256":"179a143d071e47feeabc7ef8c12c019b0a00d4198c78817f2be38ba422fc391b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QDWPuyN7vd3qjLpAWESS9g5l/yPWG/AA6JmkRYgSzp5RKzYhiA5sd94Z/GrSyAnx2QOLq5UoRnFdkGrWN9VCBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:30:05.400434Z","bundle_sha256":"e4c543ccb3cca469255a8f8955caa3854c3c67e58173e94b2ac5ee043fcef984"}}