{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE","short_pith_number":"pith:S5GS4MBU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.11520","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-03-22T07:50:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"ac5423a75e272b01277751d19aea3098495d51c1e119157e55f676fcfceb46dc","abstract_canon_sha256":"bde91cf9ccd65dbf243a7f39cc59fab40fcb371395298094959063cc985b2171"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"974d2e30341daf08192a5f0adb830a29396aeea9e4e084660e617a154d32ecc0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2203.11520","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.11520","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.11520v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.11520","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S5GS4MBUDWXQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S5GS4MBU","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.11520","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-03-22T07:50:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"ac5423a75e272b01277751d19aea3098495d51c1e119157e55f676fcfceb46dc","abstract_canon_sha256":"bde91cf9ccd65dbf243a7f39cc59fab40fcb371395298094959063cc985b2171"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"974d2e30341daf08192a5f0adb830a29396aeea9e4e084660e617a154d32ecc0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59.850355Z","signature_b64":"MZo/ee71rSpwaxO37k/UIf3rQrlVGUidzs5jGQuEylTDO/c0C/Oj9VpTTEIAL0txLax4EBheB+Y5gZKLGHoGAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"974d2e30341daf08192a5f0adb830a29396aeea9e4e084660e617a154d32ecc0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59.849862Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59.849862Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2203.11520","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AhxGbppQXMx36eV5lcPJfRMUreyUa7J1hrQ4bZ43sJiHOnhb2Ny8T28niWxq15DlMTXrxSo8D1OI9qJIooLEAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T14:12:17.875140Z"},"content_sha256":"d05030ee8dfe969457cf912059fac125a7b8a234e25cea3f794ef1b36381afff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d05030ee8dfe969457cf912059fac125a7b8a234e25cea3f794ef1b36381afff"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"SoK: Preventing Transaction Reordering Manipulations in Decentralized Finance","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Lioba Heimbach, Roger Wattenhofer","submitted_at":"2022-03-22T07:50:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"User transactions on Ethereum's peer-to-peer network are at risk of being attacked. The smart contracts building decentralized finance (DeFi) have introduced a new transaction ordering dependency to the Ethereum blockchain. As a result, attackers can profit from front- and back-running transactions. Multiple approaches to mitigate transaction reordering manipulations have surfaced recently. However, the success of individual approaches in mitigating such attacks and their impact on the entire blockchain remains largely unstudied.\n  In this systematization of knowledge (SoK), we categorize and "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.11520","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2203.11520/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HFqOpG8z86bKVjwY089xarYgQNQDh1qw81SUNZ+4lu0hEgTrQQFjH9oitbrLiRkvZkDqNVjFZtr/mycJkdjfDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T14:12:17.875850Z"},"content_sha256":"f8395e6dc4e7cfd0c74edcedd4b3220dc314ad1456d4da8465f665df12d69252","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f8395e6dc4e7cfd0c74edcedd4b3220dc314ad1456d4da8465f665df12d69252"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T14:12:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJKL4FNXAYKFE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bde91cf9ccd65dbf243a7f39cc59fab40fcb371395298094959063cc985b2171","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-03-22T07:50:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac5423a75e272b01277751d19aea3098495d51c1e119157e55f676fcfceb46dc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.11520","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.11520","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.11520v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.11520","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S5GS4MBUDWXQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S5GS4MBUDWXQQGJK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S5GS4MBU","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f8395e6dc4e7cfd0c74edcedd4b3220dc314ad1456d4da8465f665df12d69252","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2203.11520/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"User transactions on Ethereum's peer-to-peer network are at risk of being attacked. The smart contracts building decentralized finance (DeFi) have introduced a new transaction ordering dependency to the Ethereum blockchain. As a result, attackers can profit from front- and back-running transactions. Multiple approaches to mitigate transaction reordering manipulations have surfaced recently. However, the success of individual approaches in mitigating such attacks and their impact on the entire blockchain remains largely unstudied.\n  In this systematization of knowledge (SoK), we categorize and ","authors_text":"Lioba Heimbach, Roger Wattenhofer","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-03-22T07:50:00Z","title":"SoK: Preventing Transaction Reordering Manipulations in Decentralized Finance"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.11520","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d05030ee8dfe969457cf912059fac125a7b8a234e25cea3f794ef1b36381afff","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bde91cf9ccd65dbf243a7f39cc59fab40fcb371395298094959063cc985b2171","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-03-22T07:50:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac5423a75e272b01277751d19aea3098495d51c1e119157e55f676fcfceb46dc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.11520","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"974d2e30341daf08192a5f0adb830a29396aeea9e4e084660e617a154d32ecc0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"974d2e30341daf08192a5f0adb830a29396aeea9e4e084660e617a154d32ecc0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59.849862Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59.849862Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"MZo/ee71rSpwaxO37k/UIf3rQrlVGUidzs5jGQuEylTDO/c0C/Oj9VpTTEIAL0txLax4EBheB+Y5gZKLGHoGAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:59.850355Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2203.11520","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d05030ee8dfe969457cf912059fac125a7b8a234e25cea3f794ef1b36381afff","sha256:f8395e6dc4e7cfd0c74edcedd4b3220dc314ad1456d4da8465f665df12d69252"],"state_sha256":"264d66d2de5804adf0be114cac49389b1d77e616d1d885c254d280fd0fe1cd58"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CO+wQk0fJyGgqy4chowIEbEfp2UWZYVn3d5NNVo4xkvsquOCC++ZohAGdaF/60ul/udhq9CIpvQx1oKg3C9sDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T14:12:17.879238Z","bundle_sha256":"bad7435128b5d0322610831da4f8e0c7be6c8f6f45c89ea3041ba0a562d69690"}}