{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW","short_pith_number":"pith:S5XI6KDA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1505.06004","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T09:31:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"66107547bae0ad25e4ffd8184545e11aeb1c4286e6116657ca006fa88234b0b2","abstract_canon_sha256":"00c7ed44a4534e70f1cb46f3124a8d179a45be7fdad3d1ffae7b6f5830166565"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"976e8f28604cbf89020caccb68eda565ad016e6f1dd1274c6500d54802d39ec5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1505.06004","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1505.06004","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1505.06004v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1505.06004","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S5XI6KDAJS7Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S5XI6KDA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1505.06004","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T09:31:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"66107547bae0ad25e4ffd8184545e11aeb1c4286e6116657ca006fa88234b0b2","abstract_canon_sha256":"00c7ed44a4534e70f1cb46f3124a8d179a45be7fdad3d1ffae7b6f5830166565"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"976e8f28604cbf89020caccb68eda565ad016e6f1dd1274c6500d54802d39ec5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.144575Z","signature_b64":"VO2Ujtqri1YkiU1sDMEnc7eGCNf8ViD8fORc7T6pnZ6alNsJnuF0D3N2XCoysFtqoxdvRZ4WBoU8OS3fTUJ+AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"976e8f28604cbf89020caccb68eda565ad016e6f1dd1274c6500d54802d39ec5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.143839Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.143839Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1505.06004","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"G1rWUPOnhqucXWMZf+VDRRYnz3jc1eUVOJ4FqlsrwFUGxYAQHCymOuJe2jaVrqJe//VdKoAJ2v2KhQVQdR5SAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T12:54:18.475621Z"},"content_sha256":"065d5e0fbb086486273795c8d25d8fcbf59d99da7421b230292c1d5e74ca2a04","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:065d5e0fbb086486273795c8d25d8fcbf59d99da7421b230292c1d5e74ca2a04"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Vehicular Communications: Survey and Challenges of Channel and Propagation Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Athanasios Vasilakos, Hsin-Mu Tsai, Mate Boban, Wantanee Viriyasitavat","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T09:31:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Vehicular communication is characterized by a dynamic environment, high mobility, and comparatively low antenna heights on the communicating entities (vehicles and roadside units). These characteristics make vehicular propagation and channel modeling particularly challenging. In this article, we classify and describe the most relevant vehicular propagation and channel models, with a particular focus on the usability of the models for the evaluation of protocols and applications. We first classify the models based on the propagation mechanisms they employ and their implementation approach. We a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1505.06004","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"f4YKpmdRbl+0pcwBa5TyTUJNAXtd7sZvszm93QOI/o3GfhCOptSiiPw1KDUm8+Akz5PLrVIEjgu8PGsSmc41Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T12:54:18.475996Z"},"content_sha256":"f18220e9aadc7127de84ee3b3b2652302b17d669d08efaa6e075846a104b36c6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f18220e9aadc7127de84ee3b3b2652302b17d669d08efaa6e075846a104b36c6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T12:54:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQMVTFWR3NFMW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"00c7ed44a4534e70f1cb46f3124a8d179a45be7fdad3d1ffae7b6f5830166565","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T09:31:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"66107547bae0ad25e4ffd8184545e11aeb1c4286e6116657ca006fa88234b0b2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1505.06004","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1505.06004","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1505.06004v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1505.06004","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S5XI6KDAJS7Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S5XI6KDAJS7YSAQM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S5XI6KDA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f18220e9aadc7127de84ee3b3b2652302b17d669d08efaa6e075846a104b36c6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Vehicular communication is characterized by a dynamic environment, high mobility, and comparatively low antenna heights on the communicating entities (vehicles and roadside units). These characteristics make vehicular propagation and channel modeling particularly challenging. In this article, we classify and describe the most relevant vehicular propagation and channel models, with a particular focus on the usability of the models for the evaluation of protocols and applications. We first classify the models based on the propagation mechanisms they employ and their implementation approach. We a","authors_text":"Athanasios Vasilakos, Hsin-Mu Tsai, Mate Boban, Wantanee Viriyasitavat","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T09:31:33Z","title":"Vehicular Communications: Survey and Challenges of Channel and Propagation Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1505.06004","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:065d5e0fbb086486273795c8d25d8fcbf59d99da7421b230292c1d5e74ca2a04","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"00c7ed44a4534e70f1cb46f3124a8d179a45be7fdad3d1ffae7b6f5830166565","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T09:31:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"66107547bae0ad25e4ffd8184545e11aeb1c4286e6116657ca006fa88234b0b2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1505.06004","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"976e8f28604cbf89020caccb68eda565ad016e6f1dd1274c6500d54802d39ec5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"976e8f28604cbf89020caccb68eda565ad016e6f1dd1274c6500d54802d39ec5","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.143839Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.143839Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VO2Ujtqri1YkiU1sDMEnc7eGCNf8ViD8fORc7T6pnZ6alNsJnuF0D3N2XCoysFtqoxdvRZ4WBoU8OS3fTUJ+AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.144575Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1505.06004","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:065d5e0fbb086486273795c8d25d8fcbf59d99da7421b230292c1d5e74ca2a04","sha256:f18220e9aadc7127de84ee3b3b2652302b17d669d08efaa6e075846a104b36c6"],"state_sha256":"7457b092fcf07f5051da116282ffcf29ae8f26f65780fcee25c62f88ad957c3d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ReX5cFtzBaZ45pKK3mxAurkDBdehNzP8k8wgp2i8u+PsINn2StLYUq6LVOCXXvtS06Yzt9ur/RtAGTCy/KedDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T12:54:18.477952Z","bundle_sha256":"804f2d030349c10fdbb8680d4adf576499040a1199cdb4b4f9664300f37d2dbb"}}