{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL","short_pith_number":"pith:S5ZW3KFB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1012.4369","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2010-12-20T15:50:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"ae873cf80df2b929f3cade2be8fb453e2d3e63c5887953f815560526e9b7b966","abstract_canon_sha256":"4eabe45251af941500f41331e9f0192503edf2ecc457919becceb9e4152f9197"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"97736da8a1b34e35f080b013a548cb5ae2dec1437f9142d4736803ab897c11dd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1012.4369","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1012.4369","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1012.4369v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1012.4369","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S5ZW3KFBWNHD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S5ZW3KFB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1012.4369","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2010-12-20T15:50:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"ae873cf80df2b929f3cade2be8fb453e2d3e63c5887953f815560526e9b7b966","abstract_canon_sha256":"4eabe45251af941500f41331e9f0192503edf2ecc457919becceb9e4152f9197"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"97736da8a1b34e35f080b013a548cb5ae2dec1437f9142d4736803ab897c11dd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02.197039Z","signature_b64":"riIMZ/bnu/5mB1YNQMvz3zfgF7BnNk7aGYhe8tr6jd+GaC8lO/wsDahCAb74ob8KoIv1uzafMCB5Z3/mT0ANBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"97736da8a1b34e35f080b013a548cb5ae2dec1437f9142d4736803ab897c11dd","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02.196596Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02.196596Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1012.4369","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"026G7T2cT1vOOgvANPVAZmW7YYCHbQCVIOJYxFWd4jzxMZa/y/6qVVuGZDAAepKZBFmMN+jHny8ROVGllXVIBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T06:09:02.994566Z"},"content_sha256":"ff5e86484cc6ae0fee2a2295d87e3b2e3f346ec2b7b23638b92cf4a1e968a7f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ff5e86484cc6ae0fee2a2295d87e3b2e3f346ec2b7b23638b92cf4a1e968a7f5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Separate Universes Do Not Constrain Primordial Black Hole Formation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Jochen Weller, Michael Kopp, Stefan Hofmann","submitted_at":"2010-12-20T15:50:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Carr and Hawking showed that the proper size of a spherical overdense region surrounded by a flat FRW universe cannot be arbitrarily large as otherwise the region would close up on itself and become a separate universe. From this result they derived a condition connecting size and density of the overdense region ensuring that it is part of our universe. Carr used this condition to obtain an upper bound for the density fluctuation amplitude with the property that for smaller amplitudes the formation of a primordial black hole is possible, while larger ones indicate a separate universe. In contr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1012.4369","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q9urS7nBOgTrf2G6+ceR44c9z+Z0QgZ8UV8deoW0AI5XpUPYwmvD3wfIcmvqyuw+NGqhXiV+nuC5FqMNAapyAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T06:09:02.994916Z"},"content_sha256":"cee6a7458a2d9082f866621526f46b6ead5e07d35005d07f146c7805d9c91b3c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cee6a7458a2d9082f866621526f46b6ead5e07d35005d07f146c7805d9c91b3c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T06:09:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EAWAJ2KSGLLL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4eabe45251af941500f41331e9f0192503edf2ecc457919becceb9e4152f9197","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2010-12-20T15:50:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"ae873cf80df2b929f3cade2be8fb453e2d3e63c5887953f815560526e9b7b966"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1012.4369","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1012.4369","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1012.4369v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1012.4369","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S5ZW3KFBWNHD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S5ZW3KFBWNHDL4EA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S5ZW3KFB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cee6a7458a2d9082f866621526f46b6ead5e07d35005d07f146c7805d9c91b3c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Carr and Hawking showed that the proper size of a spherical overdense region surrounded by a flat FRW universe cannot be arbitrarily large as otherwise the region would close up on itself and become a separate universe. From this result they derived a condition connecting size and density of the overdense region ensuring that it is part of our universe. Carr used this condition to obtain an upper bound for the density fluctuation amplitude with the property that for smaller amplitudes the formation of a primordial black hole is possible, while larger ones indicate a separate universe. In contr","authors_text":"Jochen Weller, Michael Kopp, Stefan Hofmann","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2010-12-20T15:50:04Z","title":"Separate Universes Do Not Constrain Primordial Black Hole Formation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1012.4369","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ff5e86484cc6ae0fee2a2295d87e3b2e3f346ec2b7b23638b92cf4a1e968a7f5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4eabe45251af941500f41331e9f0192503edf2ecc457919becceb9e4152f9197","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2010-12-20T15:50:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"ae873cf80df2b929f3cade2be8fb453e2d3e63c5887953f815560526e9b7b966"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1012.4369","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"97736da8a1b34e35f080b013a548cb5ae2dec1437f9142d4736803ab897c11dd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"97736da8a1b34e35f080b013a548cb5ae2dec1437f9142d4736803ab897c11dd","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02.196596Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02.196596Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"riIMZ/bnu/5mB1YNQMvz3zfgF7BnNk7aGYhe8tr6jd+GaC8lO/wsDahCAb74ob8KoIv1uzafMCB5Z3/mT0ANBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:19:02.197039Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1012.4369","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ff5e86484cc6ae0fee2a2295d87e3b2e3f346ec2b7b23638b92cf4a1e968a7f5","sha256:cee6a7458a2d9082f866621526f46b6ead5e07d35005d07f146c7805d9c91b3c"],"state_sha256":"3218aea0fbc0050e769e309fd4841d02d09ff6c45db926fb1e71765859118f92"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IV+ZvWAUBffhCmHR+C846+D0SomQOhV+OiXk3mmOKQN5QnaaMwIoCAOxBGtIvz6tzpjPhkdQh8YMbMLq+b22AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T06:09:02.997474Z","bundle_sha256":"f1499985289d530f55b1e314c10c3cb35f614f432712847a4281a3e7581983b5"}}