{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N","short_pith_number":"pith:S7332NQD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.12329","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-03-23T05:54:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"0d7020dfbd39b726adb4ab5c36b87ebb109f1c70167c21362a21b186b509ddbd","abstract_canon_sha256":"f0080dfa5d698c1ea911cbff07c331270e62744137e159d76fd8397f661bf531"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"97f7bd36031daa8a212b59dcd6f413fb74098ae99c943aef599cf3b1da1b6dd2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2103.12329","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.12329","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.12329v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.12329","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S7332NQDDWVI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S7332NQDDWVIUIJL","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S7332NQD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.12329","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-03-23T05:54:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"0d7020dfbd39b726adb4ab5c36b87ebb109f1c70167c21362a21b186b509ddbd","abstract_canon_sha256":"f0080dfa5d698c1ea911cbff07c331270e62744137e159d76fd8397f661bf531"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"97f7bd36031daa8a212b59dcd6f413fb74098ae99c943aef599cf3b1da1b6dd2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45.483450Z","signature_b64":"FcLFmf4JqVH00XXoKKAVBBcb1QNaMxOWuqiYbkTIEzCbdMeJaz21dKE6755xEigpA39f/KlpFu8SFM3rLlRrCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"97f7bd36031daa8a212b59dcd6f413fb74098ae99c943aef599cf3b1da1b6dd2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45.482770Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45.482770Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2103.12329","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dAaSAYIlnKWlxQNxtlRCcla6aqV+nComtQXbaVFTLA+3/QrpJuXqbxMRH7kC1aVLdYXmvxnBf2o6bxGqQIkSAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:32:41.850773Z"},"content_sha256":"10374f418c9487c9da407d3f4c4b502d1ca98bbc4454b0e3f31fc505ef2f31dc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:10374f418c9487c9da407d3f4c4b502d1ca98bbc4454b0e3f31fc505ef2f31dc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Contrastive Reasoning in Neural Networks","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Ghassan AlRegib, Mohit Prabhushankar","submitted_at":"2021-03-23T05:54:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Neural networks represent data as projections on trained weights in a high dimensional manifold. The trained weights act as a knowledge base consisting of causal class dependencies. Inference built on features that identify these dependencies is termed as feed-forward inference. Such inference mechanisms are justified based on classical cause-to-effect inductive reasoning models. Inductive reasoning based feed-forward inference is widely used due to its mathematical simplicity and operational ease. Nevertheless, feed-forward models do not generalize well to untrained situations. To alleviate t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.12329","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2103.12329/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4TQACM0ifFMP0ky6q7AcyZwZ8sYYmg8+xYBdSOjQwKuum/VCKAiMCHB7CgRlmzKGZKS4y9cdfaIdEwrjmPMLCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:32:41.851154Z"},"content_sha256":"a04969e92f904102e69d55c21ee9896d0042debaf69d294dbffbc3c5d1132cd1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a04969e92f904102e69d55c21ee9896d0042debaf69d294dbffbc3c5d1132cd1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T20:32:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:S7332NQDDWVIUIJLLHONN5AT7N","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f0080dfa5d698c1ea911cbff07c331270e62744137e159d76fd8397f661bf531","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-03-23T05:54:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"0d7020dfbd39b726adb4ab5c36b87ebb109f1c70167c21362a21b186b509ddbd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.12329","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.12329","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.12329v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.12329","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S7332NQDDWVI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S7332NQDDWVIUIJL","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S7332NQD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a04969e92f904102e69d55c21ee9896d0042debaf69d294dbffbc3c5d1132cd1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2103.12329/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Neural networks represent data as projections on trained weights in a high dimensional manifold. The trained weights act as a knowledge base consisting of causal class dependencies. Inference built on features that identify these dependencies is termed as feed-forward inference. Such inference mechanisms are justified based on classical cause-to-effect inductive reasoning models. Inductive reasoning based feed-forward inference is widely used due to its mathematical simplicity and operational ease. Nevertheless, feed-forward models do not generalize well to untrained situations. To alleviate t","authors_text":"Ghassan AlRegib, Mohit Prabhushankar","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-03-23T05:54:36Z","title":"Contrastive Reasoning in Neural Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.12329","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:10374f418c9487c9da407d3f4c4b502d1ca98bbc4454b0e3f31fc505ef2f31dc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f0080dfa5d698c1ea911cbff07c331270e62744137e159d76fd8397f661bf531","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-03-23T05:54:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"0d7020dfbd39b726adb4ab5c36b87ebb109f1c70167c21362a21b186b509ddbd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.12329","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"97f7bd36031daa8a212b59dcd6f413fb74098ae99c943aef599cf3b1da1b6dd2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"97f7bd36031daa8a212b59dcd6f413fb74098ae99c943aef599cf3b1da1b6dd2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45.482770Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45.482770Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FcLFmf4JqVH00XXoKKAVBBcb1QNaMxOWuqiYbkTIEzCbdMeJaz21dKE6755xEigpA39f/KlpFu8SFM3rLlRrCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:45.483450Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2103.12329","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:10374f418c9487c9da407d3f4c4b502d1ca98bbc4454b0e3f31fc505ef2f31dc","sha256:a04969e92f904102e69d55c21ee9896d0042debaf69d294dbffbc3c5d1132cd1"],"state_sha256":"cf5697bbe6cd6b6309c5dc1358f503485bbded6c02b5b72923d10afbf59f5638"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j6wgb4ZfV8DYFnoc9CvkQpvJvwRlZZlUNy8MADyjWyzFdEerw7d2IbxJzmicAoI6qd7OCj32UZGLRiPTL/hdAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:32:41.854076Z","bundle_sha256":"ebe8968c64c0b4d30b88a5d661c22125eaed2c9898c81973662c6388aadabfb7"}}