{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL","short_pith_number":"pith:S73I3YA7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.04661","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-02-09T06:06:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"1cc0c4fe831beca0707c9a3572da4e168049e309d9685a88d0d33789da6dc06a","abstract_canon_sha256":"45d89889f8ece54aed0a8fc3c4543142d71db42558ae1da2ac89b326f4e1986a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"97f68de01fc268b3f696dd92a321048afe9688a021b38ea77a0ce5f03759fa40","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2102.04661","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.04661","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.04661v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.04661","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S73I3YA7YJUL","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S73I3YA7YJULH5UW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S73I3YA7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.04661","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-02-09T06:06:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"1cc0c4fe831beca0707c9a3572da4e168049e309d9685a88d0d33789da6dc06a","abstract_canon_sha256":"45d89889f8ece54aed0a8fc3c4543142d71db42558ae1da2ac89b326f4e1986a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"97f68de01fc268b3f696dd92a321048afe9688a021b38ea77a0ce5f03759fa40","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03.454481Z","signature_b64":"Ci5TV5mwSIM9h2rPFFonPXEzAXZiALoQmF/mmcc5UF2nF1pgaBfyQdLHas6qEA93QKUfzZ0xnUs9S4Ke/vHUAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"97f68de01fc268b3f696dd92a321048afe9688a021b38ea77a0ce5f03759fa40","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03.454003Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03.454003Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2102.04661","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zz3Flx7TBLd4YwHaTsyvXihWy8afKBjHRnirM9MRxF3F6Bhht1fdwOVCfDp0mrzwpk0/YVDVI16Qyukv8T2wDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T03:07:14.476830Z"},"content_sha256":"26ff9ec4777e721f8534e559bcf6cc018d7b544e125c463030b5163174f35bbd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:26ff9ec4777e721f8534e559bcf6cc018d7b544e125c463030b5163174f35bbd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Security and Privacy for Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Athanasios Vasilakos, Ayodeji Oseni, Helge Janicke, Nour Moustafa, Peng Liu, Zahir Tari","submitted_at":"2021-02-09T06:06:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"The increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to solve many socio-economic and environmental challenges; however, this cannot happen without securing AI-enabled technologies. In recent years, most AI models are vulnerable to advanced and sophisticated hacking techniques. This challenge has motivated concerted research efforts into adversarial AI, with the aim of developing robust machine and deep learning models that are resilient to different types of adversarial scenarios. In this paper, we present a holistic cyber security review that demonstrates adversaria"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.04661","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2102.04661/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0hRpuXYeljYOhcW3lUFd/irLU9/Bk+u7KR0RMWonnbtax4jqcGgCcRLhgjckKzKvx7cLof0bO3NYOefLSJFIAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T03:07:14.477340Z"},"content_sha256":"d18c840a6d23d8a8d71c1533bddf7342d550bcdf3ad7782f3d214de2697aec4f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d18c840a6d23d8a8d71c1533bddf7342d550bcdf3ad7782f3d214de2697aec4f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T03:07:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:S73I3YA7YJULH5UW3WJKGIIERL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"45d89889f8ece54aed0a8fc3c4543142d71db42558ae1da2ac89b326f4e1986a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-02-09T06:06:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"1cc0c4fe831beca0707c9a3572da4e168049e309d9685a88d0d33789da6dc06a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.04661","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.04661","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.04661v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.04661","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S73I3YA7YJUL","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S73I3YA7YJULH5UW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S73I3YA7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d18c840a6d23d8a8d71c1533bddf7342d550bcdf3ad7782f3d214de2697aec4f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2102.04661/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to solve many socio-economic and environmental challenges; however, this cannot happen without securing AI-enabled technologies. In recent years, most AI models are vulnerable to advanced and sophisticated hacking techniques. This challenge has motivated concerted research efforts into adversarial AI, with the aim of developing robust machine and deep learning models that are resilient to different types of adversarial scenarios. In this paper, we present a holistic cyber security review that demonstrates adversaria","authors_text":"Athanasios Vasilakos, Ayodeji Oseni, Helge Janicke, Nour Moustafa, Peng Liu, Zahir Tari","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-02-09T06:06:13Z","title":"Security and Privacy for Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.04661","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:26ff9ec4777e721f8534e559bcf6cc018d7b544e125c463030b5163174f35bbd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"45d89889f8ece54aed0a8fc3c4543142d71db42558ae1da2ac89b326f4e1986a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-02-09T06:06:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"1cc0c4fe831beca0707c9a3572da4e168049e309d9685a88d0d33789da6dc06a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.04661","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"97f68de01fc268b3f696dd92a321048afe9688a021b38ea77a0ce5f03759fa40","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"97f68de01fc268b3f696dd92a321048afe9688a021b38ea77a0ce5f03759fa40","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03.454003Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03.454003Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Ci5TV5mwSIM9h2rPFFonPXEzAXZiALoQmF/mmcc5UF2nF1pgaBfyQdLHas6qEA93QKUfzZ0xnUs9S4Ke/vHUAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:03.454481Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2102.04661","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:26ff9ec4777e721f8534e559bcf6cc018d7b544e125c463030b5163174f35bbd","sha256:d18c840a6d23d8a8d71c1533bddf7342d550bcdf3ad7782f3d214de2697aec4f"],"state_sha256":"bf3db2895c23dc7df4f9674798759db1f4a30736cb78c316d2b0872d32c99ccd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FGDt5MnFASwQ1agx5Q2ODxUVpOxeIjmS/539tialMoGg/OpHU4ND2QphyeTP3OGEGHrS0eOPPhBrA+8TsMPABQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T03:07:14.481251Z","bundle_sha256":"154542365a18f3a060a311229b0aff3d5d43665de0736097887842815d67b98c"}}