{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO","short_pith_number":"pith:S7PNCQFV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.02826","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-12-06T07:26:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"0e10c93092176860e09a9ec7a3a638bcd53e258b8489177c7fdbc02578921fe3","abstract_canon_sha256":"478d90cebed184340d6b9576dabc39cc06c21161e578b3d0b882f899320d6299"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"97ded140b5684418124d4a3a66b969bb80a2fd113e1a455e330f2b07b09794f9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2112.02826","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.02826","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.02826v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.02826","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S7PNCQFVNBCB","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S7PNCQFVNBCBQESN","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S7PNCQFV","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.02826","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-12-06T07:26:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"0e10c93092176860e09a9ec7a3a638bcd53e258b8489177c7fdbc02578921fe3","abstract_canon_sha256":"478d90cebed184340d6b9576dabc39cc06c21161e578b3d0b882f899320d6299"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"97ded140b5684418124d4a3a66b969bb80a2fd113e1a455e330f2b07b09794f9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12.115687Z","signature_b64":"5gL9oMDamwTn14RP06KhbgzFRRR9/RBhqkhhxeSwR3WuMO+Vt789kueErD5bYa3xsWG+nAdfWxRoxeOH+cLdBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"97ded140b5684418124d4a3a66b969bb80a2fd113e1a455e330f2b07b09794f9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12.115295Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12.115295Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2112.02826","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qRdr4wK7hQUBKAzk9lxW/2lJi7vSS8S+yGAM+vNSN9LC2xev8+VttfKdJ0mVJhdodQynNofjkUGTaO+rXRU8DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T20:43:10.100386Z"},"content_sha256":"2a65de23d22f37c4148be9b18c57fa48af40019dc4b790d1dbebe962a2a15f8e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2a65de23d22f37c4148be9b18c57fa48af40019dc4b790d1dbebe962a2a15f8e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Selective transport of water molecules through interlayer spaces in graphite","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Aparna Rathi, Gopinadhan Kalon, Lalita Saini, Siva Sankar Nemala, Suvigya Kaushik","submitted_at":"2021-12-06T07:26:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Interlayer space in graphite is impermeable to ions and molecules, including protons. Its controlled expansion would find several applications in desalination, gas purification, high-density batteries, etc. In the past, metal intercalation has been used to modify graphitic interlayer spaces; however, resultant intercalation compounds are unstable in water. Here, we successfully expanded graphite interlayer spaces by intercalating aqueous KCl ions electrochemically. The water conductivity shows several orders of enhancement when compared to unintercalated graphite. Water evaporation experiments"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.02826","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2112.02826/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OCHUgLZmvBLPDaBbviBZnnez/0ci5RNUVbP78m3L4dZFUIZEVnrHbYpkhvXMrWfxLBncl7RIOxacFjdsJY0iBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T20:43:10.101034Z"},"content_sha256":"2b00a38ea57df0a2424c53fc7e770a92e3dc73240284c9f39b49e269f4f655b3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2b00a38ea57df0a2424c53fc7e770a92e3dc73240284c9f39b49e269f4f655b3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-31T20:43:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:S7PNCQFVNBCBQESNJI5GNOLJXO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"478d90cebed184340d6b9576dabc39cc06c21161e578b3d0b882f899320d6299","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-12-06T07:26:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"0e10c93092176860e09a9ec7a3a638bcd53e258b8489177c7fdbc02578921fe3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2112.02826","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.02826","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.02826v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.02826","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"S7PNCQFVNBCB","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"S7PNCQFVNBCBQESN","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"S7PNCQFV","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2b00a38ea57df0a2424c53fc7e770a92e3dc73240284c9f39b49e269f4f655b3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2112.02826/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Interlayer space in graphite is impermeable to ions and molecules, including protons. Its controlled expansion would find several applications in desalination, gas purification, high-density batteries, etc. In the past, metal intercalation has been used to modify graphitic interlayer spaces; however, resultant intercalation compounds are unstable in water. Here, we successfully expanded graphite interlayer spaces by intercalating aqueous KCl ions electrochemically. The water conductivity shows several orders of enhancement when compared to unintercalated graphite. Water evaporation experiments","authors_text":"Aparna Rathi, Gopinadhan Kalon, Lalita Saini, Siva Sankar Nemala, Suvigya Kaushik","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-12-06T07:26:04Z","title":"Selective transport of water molecules through interlayer spaces in graphite"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.02826","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2a65de23d22f37c4148be9b18c57fa48af40019dc4b790d1dbebe962a2a15f8e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"478d90cebed184340d6b9576dabc39cc06c21161e578b3d0b882f899320d6299","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-12-06T07:26:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"0e10c93092176860e09a9ec7a3a638bcd53e258b8489177c7fdbc02578921fe3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2112.02826","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"97ded140b5684418124d4a3a66b969bb80a2fd113e1a455e330f2b07b09794f9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"97ded140b5684418124d4a3a66b969bb80a2fd113e1a455e330f2b07b09794f9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12.115295Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12.115295Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5gL9oMDamwTn14RP06KhbgzFRRR9/RBhqkhhxeSwR3WuMO+Vt789kueErD5bYa3xsWG+nAdfWxRoxeOH+cLdBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:51:12.115687Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2112.02826","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2a65de23d22f37c4148be9b18c57fa48af40019dc4b790d1dbebe962a2a15f8e","sha256:2b00a38ea57df0a2424c53fc7e770a92e3dc73240284c9f39b49e269f4f655b3"],"state_sha256":"ee007799fef9a06a825c2ffa27c05b06cb7665948b0a89aa475c47856ac80fad"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A71q6iXc8RaUuSLkppCaVv6VFfoWBKakktAlQOHU0det+B17nAcJHz/HL2uBckQKb2va/oJP+MbFeELLHra4AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T20:43:10.105986Z","bundle_sha256":"0870b6d177c71a9a4e362182590b978f885b0027667df1690976bb3ef43863cf"}}