{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2","short_pith_number":"pith:SA4QONOS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.01531","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-09-04T03:00:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"de17b24715f6fc2ca71480dbbb32eec50ac34878a436c227607e7a4825736789","abstract_canon_sha256":"0fb1ed098ae9dbfc4f48aa0347aebe3c635a70fb046046cfa1d662237e1afb2d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"90390735d29450d079f8c443eccac9168c2dbddb82ddf6ce5106ef1be1c47340","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1909.01531","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.01531","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.01531v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.01531","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SA4QONOSSRIN","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SA4QONOSSRINA6PY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SA4QONOS","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.01531","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-09-04T03:00:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"de17b24715f6fc2ca71480dbbb32eec50ac34878a436c227607e7a4825736789","abstract_canon_sha256":"0fb1ed098ae9dbfc4f48aa0347aebe3c635a70fb046046cfa1d662237e1afb2d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"90390735d29450d079f8c443eccac9168c2dbddb82ddf6ce5106ef1be1c47340","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56.931604Z","signature_b64":"bofhtdTU19uBGzpT/obKiudjpwQapIZtEmmoI+LbfUCiZBl35COA2A096rjwjcV2wDSI/EFrhwPDOU0H4yh5CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"90390735d29450d079f8c443eccac9168c2dbddb82ddf6ce5106ef1be1c47340","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56.931268Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56.931268Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1909.01531","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"108Fs6iVdE/AVNcjHR3qp0JsINdAo/hH17cKCAWdPX5sviEi9L9+115KbbM6vNPHhdUFcUqRaoyfzNdGsWT1BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T03:09:35.719730Z"},"content_sha256":"b7b24b35ed0c9f7ff809efee1a2d9db2a8e054604bc8549c6aefd7dc8206c33c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b7b24b35ed0c9f7ff809efee1a2d9db2a8e054604bc8549c6aefd7dc8206c33c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Tale of Two Trees: One Writes, and Other Reads. Optimized Oblivious Accesses to Large-Scale Blockchains","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Adil Ahmad, Aniket Kate, Byoungyoung Lee, Duc V. Le, Lizzy Tengana Hurtado, Mohsen Minaei","submitted_at":"2019-09-04T03:00:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Bitcoin network has offered a new way of securely performing financial transactions over the insecure network. Nevertheless, this ability comes with the cost of storing a large (distributed) ledger, which has become unsuitable for personal devices of any kind. Although the simplified payment verification (SPV) clients can address this storage issue, a Bitcoin SPV client has to rely on other Bitcoin nodes to obtain its transaction history and the current approaches offer no privacy guarantees to the SPV clients.\n  This work presents $T^3$, a trusted hardware-secured Bitcoin full client that"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.01531","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1909.01531/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qiPYh/VCPJy4bS8+tWq51V9r+jLPYd82uXMaHe0/RrRWjm6aV7EWvKojJJz/liNt7flZlFRZB6F54+xDwcbgCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T03:09:35.720254Z"},"content_sha256":"dd5b9d464e0cc8b38a1b8bee9e7073ba0ad58290d0f4448b91df25d949e75905","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dd5b9d464e0cc8b38a1b8bee9e7073ba0ad58290d0f4448b91df25d949e75905"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T03:09:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:SA4QONOSSRINA6PYYRB6ZSWJC2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0fb1ed098ae9dbfc4f48aa0347aebe3c635a70fb046046cfa1d662237e1afb2d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-09-04T03:00:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"de17b24715f6fc2ca71480dbbb32eec50ac34878a436c227607e7a4825736789"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.01531","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.01531","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.01531v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.01531","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SA4QONOSSRIN","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SA4QONOSSRINA6PY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SA4QONOS","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dd5b9d464e0cc8b38a1b8bee9e7073ba0ad58290d0f4448b91df25d949e75905","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1909.01531/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Bitcoin network has offered a new way of securely performing financial transactions over the insecure network. Nevertheless, this ability comes with the cost of storing a large (distributed) ledger, which has become unsuitable for personal devices of any kind. Although the simplified payment verification (SPV) clients can address this storage issue, a Bitcoin SPV client has to rely on other Bitcoin nodes to obtain its transaction history and the current approaches offer no privacy guarantees to the SPV clients.\n  This work presents $T^3$, a trusted hardware-secured Bitcoin full client that","authors_text":"Adil Ahmad, Aniket Kate, Byoungyoung Lee, Duc V. Le, Lizzy Tengana Hurtado, Mohsen Minaei","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-09-04T03:00:22Z","title":"A Tale of Two Trees: One Writes, and Other Reads. Optimized Oblivious Accesses to Large-Scale Blockchains"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.01531","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b7b24b35ed0c9f7ff809efee1a2d9db2a8e054604bc8549c6aefd7dc8206c33c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0fb1ed098ae9dbfc4f48aa0347aebe3c635a70fb046046cfa1d662237e1afb2d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-09-04T03:00:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"de17b24715f6fc2ca71480dbbb32eec50ac34878a436c227607e7a4825736789"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.01531","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"90390735d29450d079f8c443eccac9168c2dbddb82ddf6ce5106ef1be1c47340","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"90390735d29450d079f8c443eccac9168c2dbddb82ddf6ce5106ef1be1c47340","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56.931268Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56.931268Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bofhtdTU19uBGzpT/obKiudjpwQapIZtEmmoI+LbfUCiZBl35COA2A096rjwjcV2wDSI/EFrhwPDOU0H4yh5CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:56.931604Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1909.01531","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b7b24b35ed0c9f7ff809efee1a2d9db2a8e054604bc8549c6aefd7dc8206c33c","sha256:dd5b9d464e0cc8b38a1b8bee9e7073ba0ad58290d0f4448b91df25d949e75905"],"state_sha256":"14d473bad575aac25e5eb570af293d840ad9edeeabf450211e2d9591a73365dd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GsqUSgRopHehrEE91cDbaaDnuvLgL3q5VKNpSn+ZVQOhDvx5qpFckwTs6O8/TxuHabhQLhV1cOHE9tWNe76cBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T03:09:35.724993Z","bundle_sha256":"ed21219b2aeb38f873b327650a039f9ad7d78bc159fe90f98cd31fad88d90fec"}}