{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5","short_pith_number":"pith:SAMY4KGK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1505.04233","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-05-16T02:24:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a93f709fede7c50104e2450f1ae0d89ae5d2180604b1920a24d7ac566fd6120a","abstract_canon_sha256":"0894f8a3d9f4e89ce5c97deeb7be67b71214706c3d1cd54b72113c3564d02f32"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"90198e28ca1375fe89f3bd46bc06e2974d0af78125744c5d20ba67e152065847","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1505.04233","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1505.04233","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1505.04233v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1505.04233","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SAMY4KGKCN27","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SAMY4KGKCN275CPT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SAMY4KGK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1505.04233","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-05-16T02:24:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a93f709fede7c50104e2450f1ae0d89ae5d2180604b1920a24d7ac566fd6120a","abstract_canon_sha256":"0894f8a3d9f4e89ce5c97deeb7be67b71214706c3d1cd54b72113c3564d02f32"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"90198e28ca1375fe89f3bd46bc06e2974d0af78125744c5d20ba67e152065847","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53.468592Z","signature_b64":"CDB/X4xvPvPv7lXz7YrORxEgbg9gbSZySiZaznzEaUni9El+2ZxL6UgliwLKB7IVqxhz0hPViksNJK+XrgNSBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"90198e28ca1375fe89f3bd46bc06e2974d0af78125744c5d20ba67e152065847","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53.467904Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53.467904Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1505.04233","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xx6+zyh0yHVltNko1ZWrVZJSh7C6BjJx9PR3xnPeaMtFBwEmor4qxW2iNMbssbO+SVMZud2XeIGAVxTf3EoACg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:11:25.740432Z"},"content_sha256":"c74dd5dd9b139b4870353f0dc0712f4eb582b89b21a3211810ff2b91df177dbb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c74dd5dd9b139b4870353f0dc0712f4eb582b89b21a3211810ff2b91df177dbb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Constraints on the Bulk Lorentz Factors of GRB X-Ray Flares","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Fa-Yin Wang, Shuang-Xi Yi, Xue-Feng Wu, Zi-Gao Dai","submitted_at":"2015-05-16T02:24:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"X-ray flares were discovered in the afterglow phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the {\\em Swift} satellite a decade ago and known as a canonical component in GRB X-ray afterglows. In this paper, we constrain the Lorentz factors of GRB X-ray flares using two different methods. For the first method, we estimate the lower limit on the bulk Lorentz factor with the flare duration and jet break time. In the second method, the upper limit on the Lorentz factor is derived by assuming that the X-ray flare jet has undergone saturated acceleration. We also re-estimate the initial Lorentz factor with GRB"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1505.04233","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ircka+caiy1GluyCZHFhKgpxH5yAgAqT4kUPobTsGhx1hwsOj9Gf15dDva6oxxpjDBtGXJAKsiXKC560cU5yCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:11:25.740869Z"},"content_sha256":"87a3b7e247c57cbf0a4963e08631f46f6e415573afea8336b64fa446159f7f97","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:87a3b7e247c57cbf0a4963e08631f46f6e415573afea8336b64fa446159f7f97"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T20:11:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:SAMY4KGKCN275CPTXVDLYBXCS5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0894f8a3d9f4e89ce5c97deeb7be67b71214706c3d1cd54b72113c3564d02f32","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-05-16T02:24:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"a93f709fede7c50104e2450f1ae0d89ae5d2180604b1920a24d7ac566fd6120a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1505.04233","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1505.04233","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1505.04233v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1505.04233","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SAMY4KGKCN27","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SAMY4KGKCN275CPT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SAMY4KGK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:87a3b7e247c57cbf0a4963e08631f46f6e415573afea8336b64fa446159f7f97","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"X-ray flares were discovered in the afterglow phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the {\\em Swift} satellite a decade ago and known as a canonical component in GRB X-ray afterglows. In this paper, we constrain the Lorentz factors of GRB X-ray flares using two different methods. For the first method, we estimate the lower limit on the bulk Lorentz factor with the flare duration and jet break time. In the second method, the upper limit on the Lorentz factor is derived by assuming that the X-ray flare jet has undergone saturated acceleration. We also re-estimate the initial Lorentz factor with GRB","authors_text":"Fa-Yin Wang, Shuang-Xi Yi, Xue-Feng Wu, Zi-Gao Dai","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-05-16T02:24:51Z","title":"Constraints on the Bulk Lorentz Factors of GRB X-Ray Flares"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1505.04233","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c74dd5dd9b139b4870353f0dc0712f4eb582b89b21a3211810ff2b91df177dbb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0894f8a3d9f4e89ce5c97deeb7be67b71214706c3d1cd54b72113c3564d02f32","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-05-16T02:24:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"a93f709fede7c50104e2450f1ae0d89ae5d2180604b1920a24d7ac566fd6120a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1505.04233","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"90198e28ca1375fe89f3bd46bc06e2974d0af78125744c5d20ba67e152065847","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"90198e28ca1375fe89f3bd46bc06e2974d0af78125744c5d20ba67e152065847","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53.467904Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53.467904Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"CDB/X4xvPvPv7lXz7YrORxEgbg9gbSZySiZaznzEaUni9El+2ZxL6UgliwLKB7IVqxhz0hPViksNJK+XrgNSBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:53.468592Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1505.04233","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c74dd5dd9b139b4870353f0dc0712f4eb582b89b21a3211810ff2b91df177dbb","sha256:87a3b7e247c57cbf0a4963e08631f46f6e415573afea8336b64fa446159f7f97"],"state_sha256":"a9a078f6c05ea05a12c9a5f77774ed79e538dee3ddf9ec01556fc1d7e4e2efca"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ylJYaeSd+Z/w9UW9hgiobqvzlYGeZZrYEidtDj0X0cylPhHVTWqO535na7nrB4V83jmHIjD85xxUvMsoMAELDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:11:25.743913Z","bundle_sha256":"ae9b10eb7e1f63e58cf5ba9edaa2645d0a6e0d4ccc211341c8b169655778f094"}}