{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1996:SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ","short_pith_number":"pith:SAVOZULS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"cond-mat/9609144","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat","submitted_at":"1996-09-16T18:43:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c60598ede280a252bb182ef3244f77c073e423b5ad0d6d667a2fb8b3286d3198","abstract_canon_sha256":"14ec32d0e0f265eb7c3a0c4dfc7eb7cba8c6abc6182c2bfd0626439be66609be"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"902aecd172b70c1e2ef8f7a929d0f2841d4190e0d1391d2982044f3e366c7178","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"cond-mat/9609144","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"cond-mat/9609144","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"cond-mat/9609144v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9609144","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SAVOZULSW4GB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SAVOZULS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1996:SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"cond-mat/9609144","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat","submitted_at":"1996-09-16T18:43:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c60598ede280a252bb182ef3244f77c073e423b5ad0d6d667a2fb8b3286d3198","abstract_canon_sha256":"14ec32d0e0f265eb7c3a0c4dfc7eb7cba8c6abc6182c2bfd0626439be66609be"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"902aecd172b70c1e2ef8f7a929d0f2841d4190e0d1391d2982044f3e366c7178","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33.986738Z","signature_b64":"8C1V121THS37/mLfQUWSWA6XtXmrtDxOcDysdH0jnz0Dl/+jXdUoJsjrYL97gwgE23zwB5n7loKMFNplkzWCCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"902aecd172b70c1e2ef8f7a929d0f2841d4190e0d1391d2982044f3e366c7178","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33.986226Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33.986226Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"cond-mat/9609144","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z72+PHUMCk3jpH4AjGIbe+cVnaG3mgbsdCFt6eRlMXBuDCHcJ/PBz96TEOk1jXlV9b1Rzv7m5tAJu/8gUwj5CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T22:06:03.586297Z"},"content_sha256":"6ad98ba52780a3063d714f554aaf2cca32c1379a8f5f5258e991c453a6adf064","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6ad98ba52780a3063d714f554aaf2cca32c1379a8f5f5258e991c453a6adf064"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1996:SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Price Variations in a Stock Market With Many Agents","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat","authors_text":"M. Paczuski, M. Shubik, P. Bak","submitted_at":"1996-09-16T18:43:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large variations in stock prices happen with sufficient frequency to raise doubts about existing models, which all fail to account for non-Gaussian statistics. We construct simple models of a stock market, and argue that the large variations may be due to a crowd effect, where agents imitate each other's behavior. The variations over different time scales can be related to each other in a systematic way, similar to the Levy stable distribution proposed by Mandelbrot to describe real market indices. In the simplest, least realistic case, exact results for the statistics of the variations are de"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"cond-mat/9609144","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m3KAArZxahthppBt2c9vdw2E4WpBcSHrWy0q+E4tUl8RpKADs8EHwqVLdCMYSogo8ogLtP7lFyFWHq1Eej0nCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T22:06:03.586942Z"},"content_sha256":"16e8b953dda9d9f635d0e965a945bd5f69854a8375435a4dae8b5bc3f5d78569","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:16e8b953dda9d9f635d0e965a945bd5f69854a8375435a4dae8b5bc3f5d78569"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T22:06:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1996:SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY66USTUHSQQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"14ec32d0e0f265eb7c3a0c4dfc7eb7cba8c6abc6182c2bfd0626439be66609be","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat","submitted_at":"1996-09-16T18:43:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"c60598ede280a252bb182ef3244f77c073e423b5ad0d6d667a2fb8b3286d3198"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"cond-mat/9609144","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"cond-mat/9609144","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"cond-mat/9609144v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9609144","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SAVOZULSW4GB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SAVOZULSW4GB4LXY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SAVOZULS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:16e8b953dda9d9f635d0e965a945bd5f69854a8375435a4dae8b5bc3f5d78569","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large variations in stock prices happen with sufficient frequency to raise doubts about existing models, which all fail to account for non-Gaussian statistics. We construct simple models of a stock market, and argue that the large variations may be due to a crowd effect, where agents imitate each other's behavior. The variations over different time scales can be related to each other in a systematic way, similar to the Levy stable distribution proposed by Mandelbrot to describe real market indices. In the simplest, least realistic case, exact results for the statistics of the variations are de","authors_text":"M. Paczuski, M. Shubik, P. Bak","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat","submitted_at":"1996-09-16T18:43:15Z","title":"Price Variations in a Stock Market With Many Agents"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"cond-mat/9609144","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6ad98ba52780a3063d714f554aaf2cca32c1379a8f5f5258e991c453a6adf064","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"14ec32d0e0f265eb7c3a0c4dfc7eb7cba8c6abc6182c2bfd0626439be66609be","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat","submitted_at":"1996-09-16T18:43:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"c60598ede280a252bb182ef3244f77c073e423b5ad0d6d667a2fb8b3286d3198"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"cond-mat/9609144","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"902aecd172b70c1e2ef8f7a929d0f2841d4190e0d1391d2982044f3e366c7178","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"902aecd172b70c1e2ef8f7a929d0f2841d4190e0d1391d2982044f3e366c7178","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33.986226Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33.986226Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8C1V121THS37/mLfQUWSWA6XtXmrtDxOcDysdH0jnz0Dl/+jXdUoJsjrYL97gwgE23zwB5n7loKMFNplkzWCCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:39:33.986738Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"cond-mat/9609144","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6ad98ba52780a3063d714f554aaf2cca32c1379a8f5f5258e991c453a6adf064","sha256:16e8b953dda9d9f635d0e965a945bd5f69854a8375435a4dae8b5bc3f5d78569"],"state_sha256":"27338884a276476ba97c09f9bbf80f1ccb0dde4f9a7cd456dc85caf2ee821df0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aZ6QQm/iD3sB5cq12FydJUfdkUJz5iOCh/GU83IbTrYWzDKilFNtAi266dd88OoLiZYJAfHmeC7X82vCxCEpAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T22:06:03.591271Z","bundle_sha256":"7c2cca79f2d9e2a5dc46ec18f11432fddb980f21b84e0419c516f7031a0c44ce"}}