{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2016:SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD","short_pith_number":"pith:SBFPLGBT","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"904af59833e264d7d9c59ffd6fac9188e1e17c7650656cafd8f3f6f5b6769f0a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1601.00731","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Improving Students' Understanding of Lock-in Amplifiers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Alexandre Gauthier, Chandralekha Singh, Jeremy Levy, Seth DeVore","submitted_at":"2016-01-05T03:47:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"A lock-in amplifier is a versatile instrument frequently used in physics research. However, many students struggle with the basic operating principles of a lock-in amplifier which can lead to a variety of difficulties. To improve students' understanding, we have been developing and evaluating a research-based tutorial which makes use of a computer simulation of a lock-in amplifier. The tutorial is based on a field-tested approach in which students realize their difficulties after predicting the outcome of simulated experiments involving a lock-in amplifier and check their predictions using the"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.00731","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-05T03:47:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a9e35d076116cd682eb7f5ef9a3ed59f9b97c47e0fb6494b1179e1532b70cc37","abstract_canon_sha256":"38ea29fbd59324e297a545c002ff3deb621ac83ee47c7e82a36760b6d2d23afa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:22.057818Z","signature_b64":"ugboBqhoCQSylpUidQvGfZdLsaaiuGBcUAMRpdBUW+sXAyTMfRtZAHlsOXFJtYl1B7ja6Srlz8dyIGv7fFtWBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"904af59833e264d7d9c59ffd6fac9188e1e17c7650656cafd8f3f6f5b6769f0a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:22.057117Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:22.057117Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Improving Students' Understanding of Lock-in Amplifiers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Alexandre Gauthier, Chandralekha Singh, Jeremy Levy, Seth DeVore","submitted_at":"2016-01-05T03:47:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"A lock-in amplifier is a versatile instrument frequently used in physics research. However, many students struggle with the basic operating principles of a lock-in amplifier which can lead to a variety of difficulties. To improve students' understanding, we have been developing and evaluating a research-based tutorial which makes use of a computer simulation of a lock-in amplifier. The tutorial is based on a field-tested approach in which students realize their difficulties after predicting the outcome of simulated experiments involving a lock-in amplifier and check their predictions using the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.00731","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.00731","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:22.057227+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.00731v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:22.057227+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.00731","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:22.057227+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SBFPLGBT4JSN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44.179134+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44.179134+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SBFPLGBT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44.179134+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD","json":"https://pith.science/pith/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/SBFPLGBT"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/SBFPLGBT","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1601.00731&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/SBFPLGBT4JSNPWOFT76W7LERRD/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:22.057227+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:22.057227+00:00"}