{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO","short_pith_number":"pith:SCIKOOZD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.11948","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T17:42:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"791a6a81e86e4c10cc8ad11de7add0268e556ac66bc72a5d5f000145dbc461cd","abstract_canon_sha256":"3ea1672fd117b6ad72dc234d8d04fe9f856397053b6bc009a9ff8799791b73ca"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9090a73b2345bee77209bad6d22aa7a39b1ec514ff31373504bf1c1e918ceaf1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2407.11948","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.11948","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.11948v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.11948","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SCIKOOZDIW7O","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SCIKOOZD","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.11948","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T17:42:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"791a6a81e86e4c10cc8ad11de7add0268e556ac66bc72a5d5f000145dbc461cd","abstract_canon_sha256":"3ea1672fd117b6ad72dc234d8d04fe9f856397053b6bc009a9ff8799791b73ca"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9090a73b2345bee77209bad6d22aa7a39b1ec514ff31373504bf1c1e918ceaf1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42.730006Z","signature_b64":"9VXRLmao3VgLlZK8J+IhT6KF4UB0HQLWsKXf+xvYfEuqkR7T9zAKYTrt5cVLwbwK1O3K0LXO2pZW4YPMjJbGAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9090a73b2345bee77209bad6d22aa7a39b1ec514ff31373504bf1c1e918ceaf1","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42.729556Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42.729556Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2407.11948","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T12fWFJWS/eThdnqbEIOg0XVJrANZ4E+uvaEqywprgx99asrNuDuEzhFWH4pNqX8+N4r5lpnN3dx0IqJRla9CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T10:38:15.037545Z"},"content_sha256":"56331d432aacb832819f72e32eef466fd1b4bd8f73a18bcaacbcbf1dec3f47b5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:56331d432aacb832819f72e32eef466fd1b4bd8f73a18bcaacbcbf1dec3f47b5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rethinking Transformer-based Multi-document Summarization: An Empirical Investigation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Congbo Ma, Dileepa Pitawela, Haojie Zhuang, Wei Emma Zhang, Yanfeng Shu","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T17:42:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"The utilization of Transformer-based models prospers the growth of multi-document summarization (MDS). Given the huge impact and widespread adoption of Transformer-based models in various natural language processing tasks, investigating their performance and behaviors in the context of MDS becomes crucial for advancing the field and enhancing the quality of summary. To thoroughly examine the behaviours of Transformer-based MDS models, this paper presents five empirical studies on (1) measuring the impact of document boundary separators quantitatively; (2) exploring the effectiveness of differe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.11948","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2407.11948/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1CQQRjv6JjDb4E/26aBEUd1YvXXID5qvF3sEv9vvqW54WH2KoCVQkI2avSKuNd2uJ7O/oE2gY8BWnyiKc2DtBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T10:38:15.038499Z"},"content_sha256":"296cb2faffce6fc6f38189702c3db0950cf4941fd82c65d5eb9e5830975b75d1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:296cb2faffce6fc6f38189702c3db0950cf4941fd82c65d5eb9e5830975b75d1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T10:38:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJXLLNEKVHUO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3ea1672fd117b6ad72dc234d8d04fe9f856397053b6bc009a9ff8799791b73ca","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T17:42:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"791a6a81e86e4c10cc8ad11de7add0268e556ac66bc72a5d5f000145dbc461cd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.11948","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.11948","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.11948v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.11948","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SCIKOOZDIW7O","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SCIKOOZDIW7OO4QJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SCIKOOZD","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:296cb2faffce6fc6f38189702c3db0950cf4941fd82c65d5eb9e5830975b75d1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2407.11948/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The utilization of Transformer-based models prospers the growth of multi-document summarization (MDS). Given the huge impact and widespread adoption of Transformer-based models in various natural language processing tasks, investigating their performance and behaviors in the context of MDS becomes crucial for advancing the field and enhancing the quality of summary. To thoroughly examine the behaviours of Transformer-based MDS models, this paper presents five empirical studies on (1) measuring the impact of document boundary separators quantitatively; (2) exploring the effectiveness of differe","authors_text":"Congbo Ma, Dileepa Pitawela, Haojie Zhuang, Wei Emma Zhang, Yanfeng Shu","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T17:42:37Z","title":"Rethinking Transformer-based Multi-document Summarization: An Empirical Investigation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.11948","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:56331d432aacb832819f72e32eef466fd1b4bd8f73a18bcaacbcbf1dec3f47b5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3ea1672fd117b6ad72dc234d8d04fe9f856397053b6bc009a9ff8799791b73ca","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T17:42:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"791a6a81e86e4c10cc8ad11de7add0268e556ac66bc72a5d5f000145dbc461cd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.11948","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9090a73b2345bee77209bad6d22aa7a39b1ec514ff31373504bf1c1e918ceaf1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9090a73b2345bee77209bad6d22aa7a39b1ec514ff31373504bf1c1e918ceaf1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42.729556Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42.729556Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9VXRLmao3VgLlZK8J+IhT6KF4UB0HQLWsKXf+xvYfEuqkR7T9zAKYTrt5cVLwbwK1O3K0LXO2pZW4YPMjJbGAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:44:42.730006Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2407.11948","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:56331d432aacb832819f72e32eef466fd1b4bd8f73a18bcaacbcbf1dec3f47b5","sha256:296cb2faffce6fc6f38189702c3db0950cf4941fd82c65d5eb9e5830975b75d1"],"state_sha256":"c84ef049192ef33b5f1ee8b179b50553d8a40a2de350a84a4e519d08e4af25c4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c+yY4lYfauSK4EgBV2Whw2+zR7E3PxrqyzhGvt8RpIV3w5zCl9jJ9U8CMKMs0sZQufdzHzwQsbc9tloaDiMRAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T10:38:15.066102Z","bundle_sha256":"35126fdb2a48d4550591eff6d8612a06120876cb88ad52883f5d6213f358a7b2"}}