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Using repeat Chandra and XMM-Newton as well as optical observations, we discuss in detail the natures of two highly-variable ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs): NGC 1365 X1, one of the most luminous ULXs known since the ROSAT era, which is X-ray variable by a factor of 30, and NGC 1365 X2, a newly discovere"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0810.3793","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-10-21T10:13:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ad0c018678f7294047e0d5ef05a8206c1c000b25ee117fb01eb9719b6defe2f4","abstract_canon_sha256":"55587fa93a9e43ccbc5a330a8a5f731272e26b989f0b5b57d67cc59ea9cf03ec"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:25.821626Z","signature_b64":"oDO8GNmB/L9QydyAjfKo522iLUidUnpOG2CjBG8XN/vk02ifupWmf/qAbLP4Y3lgOmvhE875crGUJhUDkJNeCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"90b3e7acb89e4c12503db9f0aaeec2670adc12e584a310e5a2058ae95b60a963","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:25.821204Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:25.821204Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The X-Ray Point-Source Population of NGC 1365: The Puzzle of Two Highly-Variable Ultraluminous X-ray Sources","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Germany), Iskra V. 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