{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE","short_pith_number":"pith:SDF7S3ZI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.02030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2015-03-06T18:31:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"e28f3f98f90094e17596bd1260e86a0c4e11b13ecb651784e63ab1f998a9ae0c","abstract_canon_sha256":"a15d367041d8b60df154741e1dc171baf8c14d0b2a00b630ab93b1cdf56a2cf6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"90cbf96f28b54bd7040dcc34c0701591037e285ec08a457b823a4d2997962794","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.02030","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.02030","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.02030v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.02030","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SDF7S3ZIWVF5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBAN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SDF7S3ZI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.02030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2015-03-06T18:31:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"e28f3f98f90094e17596bd1260e86a0c4e11b13ecb651784e63ab1f998a9ae0c","abstract_canon_sha256":"a15d367041d8b60df154741e1dc171baf8c14d0b2a00b630ab93b1cdf56a2cf6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"90cbf96f28b54bd7040dcc34c0701591037e285ec08a457b823a4d2997962794","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53.100140Z","signature_b64":"Yh9W1KSbTW34M7A5vN5xWLcp+wwgXuQu9puJqAgq5SZ/CKUkaUoatwoPq67LNBOgEJN4VgJ1QrZRdAQM3cr/CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"90cbf96f28b54bd7040dcc34c0701591037e285ec08a457b823a4d2997962794","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53.099622Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53.099622Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.02030","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rmUbDKgkm/77fAr7xQSptt2RUboo0Hyt2NtGrjOOfc9A/PM0/aaqLgEqaMP094yyqGsVzTTQozSfQJbJyH2mAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T11:37:08.408826Z"},"content_sha256":"199d7546d4aa4b10aa0726281538448f4049621c7ec6d2e0a8c6db385203afb4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:199d7546d4aa4b10aa0726281538448f4049621c7ec6d2e0a8c6db385203afb4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Luminosity of Population III Star Clusters","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Alexander L. DeSouza, Shantanu Basu","submitted_at":"2015-03-06T18:31:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"We analyze the time evolution of the luminosity of a cluster of Population III protostars formed in the early universe. We argue from the Jeans criterion that primordial gas can collapse to form a cluster of first stars that evolve relatively independently of one another (i.e., with negligible gravitational interaction). We model the collapse of individual protostellar clumps using 2+1D nonaxisymmetric numerical hydrodynamics simulations. Each collapse produces a protostar surrounded by a massive disk (i.e., $M_{\\rm disk} / M_{*} \\gtrsim 0.1$), whose evolution we follow for a further 30--40 ky"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.02030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aYkmoSAwoSoKoR/8sn75HQmDkfFIZK3S+8jGor8NGwGfOfPlZ8eQ/jeQ+Lw8vInGpUE96sq6PC3cfpv/mIAEBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T11:37:08.409962Z"},"content_sha256":"a3b6493a468837941f3df83d6b2f58d5df96c5a0d4a4bd5308d41715057501ba","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a3b6493a468837941f3df83d6b2f58d5df96c5a0d4a4bd5308d41715057501ba"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T11:37:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBANZQ2MA4AVSE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a15d367041d8b60df154741e1dc171baf8c14d0b2a00b630ab93b1cdf56a2cf6","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2015-03-06T18:31:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"e28f3f98f90094e17596bd1260e86a0c4e11b13ecb651784e63ab1f998a9ae0c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.02030","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.02030","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.02030v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.02030","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SDF7S3ZIWVF5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SDF7S3ZIWVF5OBAN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SDF7S3ZI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a3b6493a468837941f3df83d6b2f58d5df96c5a0d4a4bd5308d41715057501ba","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We analyze the time evolution of the luminosity of a cluster of Population III protostars formed in the early universe. We argue from the Jeans criterion that primordial gas can collapse to form a cluster of first stars that evolve relatively independently of one another (i.e., with negligible gravitational interaction). We model the collapse of individual protostellar clumps using 2+1D nonaxisymmetric numerical hydrodynamics simulations. Each collapse produces a protostar surrounded by a massive disk (i.e., $M_{\\rm disk} / M_{*} \\gtrsim 0.1$), whose evolution we follow for a further 30--40 ky","authors_text":"Alexander L. DeSouza, Shantanu Basu","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2015-03-06T18:31:41Z","title":"The Luminosity of Population III Star Clusters"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.02030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:199d7546d4aa4b10aa0726281538448f4049621c7ec6d2e0a8c6db385203afb4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a15d367041d8b60df154741e1dc171baf8c14d0b2a00b630ab93b1cdf56a2cf6","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2015-03-06T18:31:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"e28f3f98f90094e17596bd1260e86a0c4e11b13ecb651784e63ab1f998a9ae0c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.02030","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"90cbf96f28b54bd7040dcc34c0701591037e285ec08a457b823a4d2997962794","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"90cbf96f28b54bd7040dcc34c0701591037e285ec08a457b823a4d2997962794","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53.099622Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53.099622Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Yh9W1KSbTW34M7A5vN5xWLcp+wwgXuQu9puJqAgq5SZ/CKUkaUoatwoPq67LNBOgEJN4VgJ1QrZRdAQM3cr/CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:53.100140Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.02030","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:199d7546d4aa4b10aa0726281538448f4049621c7ec6d2e0a8c6db385203afb4","sha256:a3b6493a468837941f3df83d6b2f58d5df96c5a0d4a4bd5308d41715057501ba"],"state_sha256":"7ff1c0e7f5e1e0a664f72bb81ab12658bf0e8dd27a80bc139042171548689545"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"I7rmUy3mmxX/JoNK7da8JJ9qxdVChQDCFjPfcXfV7PSHdQ3qySy4Ib/tvN8g8aCIlTVdHnjIYsoYbpLanv8iCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T11:37:08.413126Z","bundle_sha256":"c76f9921700e37f1dd4cefb06af73c80bc384155708ab150141d898ca2fc43fb"}}