{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC","short_pith_number":"pith:SE37DSRD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1505.05992","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T08:55:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"f4fad27afed3d0d5cabbdc1cf3aa15b2ec8dc500fecfc9108ebb20fcf19e4f07","abstract_canon_sha256":"ba85a67bc9ae2086133cb962513ebdcd24e3358936b88589d7fed34eaf597a5f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9137f1ca238e667f623137d23b837ba8b96db2e9d5278ee178ec6a955221d49e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1505.05992","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1505.05992","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1505.05992v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1505.05992","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SE37DSRDRZTH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SE37DSRDRZTH6YRR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SE37DSRD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1505.05992","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T08:55:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"f4fad27afed3d0d5cabbdc1cf3aa15b2ec8dc500fecfc9108ebb20fcf19e4f07","abstract_canon_sha256":"ba85a67bc9ae2086133cb962513ebdcd24e3358936b88589d7fed34eaf597a5f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9137f1ca238e667f623137d23b837ba8b96db2e9d5278ee178ec6a955221d49e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49.448042Z","signature_b64":"QpUpaF/IokaIFOxwItf18Tlz38/R4Iu+dwdveJpFo+esJ8HKEXFkpBS394fxEpM63i15YOuqlIL9NphEOP8DAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9137f1ca238e667f623137d23b837ba8b96db2e9d5278ee178ec6a955221d49e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49.447606Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49.447606Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1505.05992","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"M/q+Uk8lSW9tjSBXrj+j6QdkrkpNmenmGJpBy5+K2jkzvEUnskU1f1Ap/SS9RWFA0h268fvMjorWTAfL0GiGDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:38:17.374326Z"},"content_sha256":"926570887f985586bb748893166d67a400834942378636825b004cb828ade47b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:926570887f985586bb748893166d67a400834942378636825b004cb828ade47b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Broadband black phosphorus optical modulator in visible to mid-infrared spectral range","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Bingchao Yang, Haohai Yu, Huaijin Zhang, JiYang Wang, Ruinong Yang, Rui Zhang, Yuxia Zhang, Zhongyuan Liu","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T08:55:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Black phosphorous (BP), a two-dimensional (2D) material, has a direct bandgap, which fills up the bandgap lacuna left by graphene topological insulators and transition-metal dichalcogenides because of its dependence on the layers and applied strains. Theoretically, the direct and tunable band gap indicates the broadband applications in optoelectronics with high efficiencies in the spectral range from visible to mid-infrared. Here, a BP broadband optical modulator is experimentally constructed and the passively modulated lasers at 639 nm (red), 1.06 um (near-infrared) and 2.1 um (mid-infrared) "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1505.05992","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Zsy72gzk8veCzltsZDrjXkhRqATdWe8TsrGSbEY/SFxsk4pmLAnubabEZKMpthPfw3/3ERwaljVdhlNedQcjAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:38:17.374735Z"},"content_sha256":"2bd974bba22abc9359388cfada264fb5e9bf49052111b46de00fe4ebeac3e4a1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2bd974bba22abc9359388cfada264fb5e9bf49052111b46de00fe4ebeac3e4a1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T08:38:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:SE37DSRDRZTH6YRRG7JDXA33VC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ba85a67bc9ae2086133cb962513ebdcd24e3358936b88589d7fed34eaf597a5f","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T08:55:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"f4fad27afed3d0d5cabbdc1cf3aa15b2ec8dc500fecfc9108ebb20fcf19e4f07"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1505.05992","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1505.05992","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1505.05992v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1505.05992","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SE37DSRDRZTH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SE37DSRDRZTH6YRR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SE37DSRD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2bd974bba22abc9359388cfada264fb5e9bf49052111b46de00fe4ebeac3e4a1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Black phosphorous (BP), a two-dimensional (2D) material, has a direct bandgap, which fills up the bandgap lacuna left by graphene topological insulators and transition-metal dichalcogenides because of its dependence on the layers and applied strains. Theoretically, the direct and tunable band gap indicates the broadband applications in optoelectronics with high efficiencies in the spectral range from visible to mid-infrared. Here, a BP broadband optical modulator is experimentally constructed and the passively modulated lasers at 639 nm (red), 1.06 um (near-infrared) and 2.1 um (mid-infrared) ","authors_text":"Bingchao Yang, Haohai Yu, Huaijin Zhang, JiYang Wang, Ruinong Yang, Rui Zhang, Yuxia Zhang, Zhongyuan Liu","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T08:55:56Z","title":"Broadband black phosphorus optical modulator in visible to mid-infrared spectral range"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1505.05992","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:926570887f985586bb748893166d67a400834942378636825b004cb828ade47b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ba85a67bc9ae2086133cb962513ebdcd24e3358936b88589d7fed34eaf597a5f","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-05-22T08:55:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"f4fad27afed3d0d5cabbdc1cf3aa15b2ec8dc500fecfc9108ebb20fcf19e4f07"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1505.05992","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9137f1ca238e667f623137d23b837ba8b96db2e9d5278ee178ec6a955221d49e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9137f1ca238e667f623137d23b837ba8b96db2e9d5278ee178ec6a955221d49e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49.447606Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49.447606Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"QpUpaF/IokaIFOxwItf18Tlz38/R4Iu+dwdveJpFo+esJ8HKEXFkpBS394fxEpM63i15YOuqlIL9NphEOP8DAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:49.448042Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1505.05992","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:926570887f985586bb748893166d67a400834942378636825b004cb828ade47b","sha256:2bd974bba22abc9359388cfada264fb5e9bf49052111b46de00fe4ebeac3e4a1"],"state_sha256":"728e64d9d5c57356019e7556bbc0c549224cec34513e88d9670a96e9fde18067"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1sj4gg8CetABZFunLbs21Pwdll+QACOtkF2pIEjtmCvk+mHWiBHFDFxR8WGjaxy3M6xNq56/XqhXwusm47DfCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:38:17.377846Z","bundle_sha256":"f15364a678df53f2ec94af3bb36aaaa513e24499d6d1f1130573ae776cf70b6b"}}