{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:SEG3WFK5QHUBRS2HHS7V7DUAZC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"161dc957aeb6026b69e6316931d1ef5c1cd3217bdcb42082f5291d8b5918ac9f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2023-01-05T21:47:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"7510e3d6fa61768328132723e2641dd33a76694c45f6a2d9b385556b5cd73c43"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.02308","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.02308","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.02308v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.02308","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SEG3WFK5QHUB","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SEG3WFK5QHUBRS2H","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SEG3WFK5","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ff056cbe87fac7de8c0c0b0619bf39fcc3425c118130c740d8b6fff14d4d96a9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2301.02308/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Advanced type systems that enforce various correctness and safety guarantees--such as linear and ownership types--have a long history in the Programming Languages research community. Despite this history, a human-centered evaluation of these type systems and their usability was all but absent, with empirical evaluations limited to testing their expressiveness in programs written by experts, i.e. the creators of the type system.\n  In the past few years, this has begun to change with the adoption of a version of affine types and ownership in the popular Rust programming language. With the increa","authors_text":"Kasra Ferdowsi","cross_cats":["cs.HC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2023-01-05T21:47:04Z","title":"The Usability of Advanced Type Systems: Rust as a Case Study"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.02308","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2cc00dc8aabfc9d9209e8c78902a62cd2afe394e040e16436832927f503a5c6a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"161dc957aeb6026b69e6316931d1ef5c1cd3217bdcb42082f5291d8b5918ac9f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2023-01-05T21:47:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"7510e3d6fa61768328132723e2641dd33a76694c45f6a2d9b385556b5cd73c43"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.02308","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"910dbb155d81e818cb473cbf5f8e80c8b792f3819b305af6c5750dde46079fa2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"910dbb155d81e818cb473cbf5f8e80c8b792f3819b305af6c5750dde46079fa2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05.145998Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05.145998Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"iqJIeXaEZegeG5Sum3Pjl//0bEXRJ0Q9aeHM3f0PjwsXsk/xFrK/Hmd7t0uHFtEsB5Je1HRaVTwLzohFhML6Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:31:05.146354Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2301.02308","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2cc00dc8aabfc9d9209e8c78902a62cd2afe394e040e16436832927f503a5c6a","sha256:ff056cbe87fac7de8c0c0b0619bf39fcc3425c118130c740d8b6fff14d4d96a9"],"state_sha256":"ebdab4960da9fa8dfb78998582cc212154dba6026e5baf574d3cf658ad345d80"}