{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF","short_pith_number":"pith:SF4F4XC6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1009.1786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.BM","submitted_at":"2010-09-09T14:08:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","cond-mat.stat-mech","physics.bio-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"62f461cf0b3500793f0e826975fe0cb0fb875bf383069bff96d081cf9939e6e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"f1ed4007fededa4c41566bd78a8c18ee490265f0a83d39f70a4155ca15d7fdc0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"91785e5c5e61208b9d9bcce2e12e81a173d972430dd490e26aaa102f6fb5940a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1009.1786","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1009.1786","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1009.1786v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1009.1786","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SF4F4XC6MEQI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SF4F4XC6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1009.1786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.BM","submitted_at":"2010-09-09T14:08:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","cond-mat.stat-mech","physics.bio-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"62f461cf0b3500793f0e826975fe0cb0fb875bf383069bff96d081cf9939e6e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"f1ed4007fededa4c41566bd78a8c18ee490265f0a83d39f70a4155ca15d7fdc0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"91785e5c5e61208b9d9bcce2e12e81a173d972430dd490e26aaa102f6fb5940a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06.280937Z","signature_b64":"VEBwqZW0dKkL7gSU339AFByJ4ic/DvQq2YaUO56qCtU+pgQc+AvX+QUXOLkFZthgiqe7NfxIG+dIJEzuCg++Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"91785e5c5e61208b9d9bcce2e12e81a173d972430dd490e26aaa102f6fb5940a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06.280420Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06.280420Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1009.1786","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3qW391mstRQpAIr84E4mkWSAs3ptUVHTw3VUrQIxu1IJuqO1/MDZA9ImmgFeuAq/bUgyCfRvDKx+mDCVIe5QBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T09:56:03.541551Z"},"content_sha256":"3d5353669aa202844aa41cbe86fe76bbe21e67ff11c3296604d4908129d5ec31","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3d5353669aa202844aa41cbe86fe76bbe21e67ff11c3296604d4908129d5ec31"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Crowded Charges in Ion Channels","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft","cond-mat.stat-mech","physics.bio-ph"],"primary_cat":"q-bio.BM","authors_text":"Bob Eisenberg","submitted_at":"2010-09-09T14:08:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ions in water are the liquid of life. Life occurs almost entirely in 'salt water'. Water itself (without ions) is lethal to animal cells and damaging for most proteins. Water must contain the right ions in the right amounts if it is to sustain life. Physical chemistry is the language of electrolyte solutions. Physical chemistry and biology are intertwined. Physical chemists and biologists come from different traditions that separated for several decades as biologists described the molecules of life. Communication is not easy between a fundamentally descriptive tradition and a fundamentally ana"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1009.1786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2WhZv8qeEQLpcs+z44pZJ5Ag+DNI+nNeJpDsT/96tfaFCOBXxuw6y6arOO38L2qQn7QyUGJeAJLARXknmEkbAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T09:56:03.542210Z"},"content_sha256":"485fcf4867bd9b75670c8f53ce8f385bcd134086377122dfde805242b6ed2cb3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:485fcf4867bd9b75670c8f53ce8f385bcd134086377122dfde805242b6ed2cb3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T09:56:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3ZTROCLUBUF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f1ed4007fededa4c41566bd78a8c18ee490265f0a83d39f70a4155ca15d7fdc0","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","cond-mat.stat-mech","physics.bio-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.BM","submitted_at":"2010-09-09T14:08:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"62f461cf0b3500793f0e826975fe0cb0fb875bf383069bff96d081cf9939e6e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1009.1786","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1009.1786","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1009.1786v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1009.1786","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SF4F4XC6MEQI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SF4F4XC6MEQIXHM3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SF4F4XC6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:485fcf4867bd9b75670c8f53ce8f385bcd134086377122dfde805242b6ed2cb3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Ions in water are the liquid of life. Life occurs almost entirely in 'salt water'. Water itself (without ions) is lethal to animal cells and damaging for most proteins. Water must contain the right ions in the right amounts if it is to sustain life. Physical chemistry is the language of electrolyte solutions. Physical chemistry and biology are intertwined. Physical chemists and biologists come from different traditions that separated for several decades as biologists described the molecules of life. Communication is not easy between a fundamentally descriptive tradition and a fundamentally ana","authors_text":"Bob Eisenberg","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft","cond-mat.stat-mech","physics.bio-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.BM","submitted_at":"2010-09-09T14:08:20Z","title":"Crowded Charges in Ion Channels"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1009.1786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3d5353669aa202844aa41cbe86fe76bbe21e67ff11c3296604d4908129d5ec31","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f1ed4007fededa4c41566bd78a8c18ee490265f0a83d39f70a4155ca15d7fdc0","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","cond-mat.stat-mech","physics.bio-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.BM","submitted_at":"2010-09-09T14:08:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"62f461cf0b3500793f0e826975fe0cb0fb875bf383069bff96d081cf9939e6e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1009.1786","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"91785e5c5e61208b9d9bcce2e12e81a173d972430dd490e26aaa102f6fb5940a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"91785e5c5e61208b9d9bcce2e12e81a173d972430dd490e26aaa102f6fb5940a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06.280420Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06.280420Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VEBwqZW0dKkL7gSU339AFByJ4ic/DvQq2YaUO56qCtU+pgQc+AvX+QUXOLkFZthgiqe7NfxIG+dIJEzuCg++Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:41:06.280937Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1009.1786","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3d5353669aa202844aa41cbe86fe76bbe21e67ff11c3296604d4908129d5ec31","sha256:485fcf4867bd9b75670c8f53ce8f385bcd134086377122dfde805242b6ed2cb3"],"state_sha256":"18507378b59c280a498b05dfe23c39b6f336446e870a4e9434ba303745b72088"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0BfNu+VrBIa8HWjXPi4YpVYseyAftTHx3USEcg2fIG+w2raTRPuAaVwBtfBCEBzVmhjPhB4ufe5z9v2Zhx0tDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T09:56:03.545641Z","bundle_sha256":"8ec24759a48adeea195a5d215c7e7877ffacad8f865d50a37e4b920acceb5607"}}