{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT","short_pith_number":"pith:SF4OVWSC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.06377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-03-22T02:57:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fa4f1456809db68d637b08869554dc933b2386f85f662b581c1c896029ec3f64","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d89e6114255aeff221b1ea12d61b81f0d63bc0592bc72add7c192c552487472"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9178eada42797c7557d8833463e09114e6cb8d5997bbf0abb3330cf6eaeca98e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.06377","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.06377","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.06377v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.06377","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SF4OVWSCPF6H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SF4OVWSC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.06377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-03-22T02:57:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fa4f1456809db68d637b08869554dc933b2386f85f662b581c1c896029ec3f64","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d89e6114255aeff221b1ea12d61b81f0d63bc0592bc72add7c192c552487472"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9178eada42797c7557d8833463e09114e6cb8d5997bbf0abb3330cf6eaeca98e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28.189969Z","signature_b64":"2dCQKDib0FW4DN+8zJrJmSP/0LGLk8raSCsa3egjomqISiDfke6mmBnLTqzH8XHK1kb8iYGh7F3sLje/bcC8Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9178eada42797c7557d8833463e09114e6cb8d5997bbf0abb3330cf6eaeca98e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28.189364Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28.189364Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.06377","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y250jREvvzZKKRJq7uRzNxIFZvYv0MrKMEP6EGFc8j2lRWeYINDrt9S35aZcw7cbI878hRTxP7xs3JqJi2JWBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T13:10:12.092955Z"},"content_sha256":"a0556f2be79ad20c93f7009daceeb0b2580866fd5c2897d1c52881c6154c5398","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a0556f2be79ad20c93f7009daceeb0b2580866fd5c2897d1c52881c6154c5398"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On Orchestrating Virtual Network Functions in NFV","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Md. Faizul Bari, Raouf Boutaba, Reaz Ahmed, Shihabur Rahman Chowdhury","submitted_at":"2015-03-22T02:57:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Middleboxes or network appliances like firewalls, proxies and WAN optimizers have become an integral part of today's ISP and enterprise networks. Middlebox functionalities are usually deployed on expensive and proprietary hardware that require trained personnel for deployment and maintenance. Middleboxes contribute significantly to a network's capital and operational costs. In addition, organizations often require their traffic to pass through a specific sequence of middleboxes for compliance with security and performance policies. This makes the middlebox deployment and maintenance tasks even"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.06377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g/j1NKrGwEckdNjQGS39uxbi2XmAGjBzZ1m4HT+DDn3xQEG4s9GsL+fHottIMYlPybPFtLxOHx+fQGB5uLXbDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T13:10:12.093746Z"},"content_sha256":"36007b34c653c0e466ceca6650fa8d0ac15595da556b9e7072b73daf476501c8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:36007b34c653c0e466ceca6650fa8d0ac15595da556b9e7072b73daf476501c8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-11T13:10:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6YQM2GHYERCT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d89e6114255aeff221b1ea12d61b81f0d63bc0592bc72add7c192c552487472","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-03-22T02:57:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"fa4f1456809db68d637b08869554dc933b2386f85f662b581c1c896029ec3f64"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.06377","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.06377","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.06377v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.06377","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SF4OVWSCPF6H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SF4OVWSCPF6HKV6Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SF4OVWSC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:36007b34c653c0e466ceca6650fa8d0ac15595da556b9e7072b73daf476501c8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Middleboxes or network appliances like firewalls, proxies and WAN optimizers have become an integral part of today's ISP and enterprise networks. Middlebox functionalities are usually deployed on expensive and proprietary hardware that require trained personnel for deployment and maintenance. Middleboxes contribute significantly to a network's capital and operational costs. In addition, organizations often require their traffic to pass through a specific sequence of middleboxes for compliance with security and performance policies. This makes the middlebox deployment and maintenance tasks even","authors_text":"Md. Faizul Bari, Raouf Boutaba, Reaz Ahmed, Shihabur Rahman Chowdhury","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-03-22T02:57:04Z","title":"On Orchestrating Virtual Network Functions in NFV"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.06377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a0556f2be79ad20c93f7009daceeb0b2580866fd5c2897d1c52881c6154c5398","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d89e6114255aeff221b1ea12d61b81f0d63bc0592bc72add7c192c552487472","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-03-22T02:57:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"fa4f1456809db68d637b08869554dc933b2386f85f662b581c1c896029ec3f64"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.06377","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"9178eada42797c7557d8833463e09114e6cb8d5997bbf0abb3330cf6eaeca98e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9178eada42797c7557d8833463e09114e6cb8d5997bbf0abb3330cf6eaeca98e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28.189364Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28.189364Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2dCQKDib0FW4DN+8zJrJmSP/0LGLk8raSCsa3egjomqISiDfke6mmBnLTqzH8XHK1kb8iYGh7F3sLje/bcC8Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:28.189969Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.06377","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a0556f2be79ad20c93f7009daceeb0b2580866fd5c2897d1c52881c6154c5398","sha256:36007b34c653c0e466ceca6650fa8d0ac15595da556b9e7072b73daf476501c8"],"state_sha256":"b21374379c30d751817ba3f8243d4dd346f9cefd1ba07dae1d0929cdccb2eb03"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c28UtKFzR516K4OfBRgeWE04kwgg4zejYdbPkzmNlpD+QkE0uGSooZNgWwBi9lWpnPKx1Z5g78FxthQKt4q8Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T13:10:12.097141Z","bundle_sha256":"b4d5e71f88e0e20b4cf1442bc6917145280985f5f2faf9a19cafc6b73d535799"}}