{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4","short_pith_number":"pith:SFBU6EAJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1104.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-04-12T20:03:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a2c0d4249a0625b7c2b10e041fd8bfcc2ff2fa801e172aa5f8163251d7f4f259","abstract_canon_sha256":"41b8b36de73196dc257a07e4cedaa7b13f4871f667cbfde7cf7ac0f0300a8ff6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"91434f1009b97f22879d5a36a6daf267352ea59c3eee46ce5a3307f323096a1f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1104.2333","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1104.2333","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1104.2333v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1104.2333","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SFBU6EAJXF7S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SFBU6EAJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1104.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-04-12T20:03:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a2c0d4249a0625b7c2b10e041fd8bfcc2ff2fa801e172aa5f8163251d7f4f259","abstract_canon_sha256":"41b8b36de73196dc257a07e4cedaa7b13f4871f667cbfde7cf7ac0f0300a8ff6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"91434f1009b97f22879d5a36a6daf267352ea59c3eee46ce5a3307f323096a1f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45.824153Z","signature_b64":"L0Pl92pIUCGtM9DAUidOW9n+aBb0kCvrOEGxwqgOEM6QnZSzZXCn5RRxWWDj5xL6uFuLbeUgOvJziKxQdrIZCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"91434f1009b97f22879d5a36a6daf267352ea59c3eee46ce5a3307f323096a1f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45.823494Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45.823494Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1104.2333","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iSRzINragd9+nNjKKoQvZfh32KNm/SW9qDaGmiwZFQix1yA4IrrQNAozk1WTVC065xmkvxu+fxmbNOagy+cXAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T23:50:07.872910Z"},"content_sha256":"27c566553b3c9081e1281b6df3aedd25b0d4b3c5e9a3fadfeeaf5fbaa8a33e99","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:27c566553b3c9081e1281b6df3aedd25b0d4b3c5e9a3fadfeeaf5fbaa8a33e99"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How Massless Neutrinos Affect the Cosmic Microwave Background Damping Tail","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Christian Reichardt, Lloyd Knox, Marius Millea, Ryan Keisler, Zhen Hou","submitted_at":"2011-04-12T20:03:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"We explore the physical origin and robustness of constraints on the energy density in relativistic species prior to and during recombination, often expressed as constraints on an effective number of neutrino species, Neff. Constraints from current data combination of Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and South Pole Telescope (SPT) are almost entirely due to the impact of the neutrinos on the expansion rate, and how those changes to the expansion rate alter the ratio of the photon diffusion scale to the sound horizon scale at recombination. We demonstrate that very little of the const"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1104.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nVyG1vMOyDJs4SE7qqfS9nXd3OBXcQ2QydvXpmzhTEdkQY8FZxrUQ1vKWmS7CCV/q162F8BMU+sBw/wFlRkZDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T23:50:07.873570Z"},"content_sha256":"2c1dfd21eaa500e19fa13cab4f43b8c0000beb781a60186dbdd93dd8380b5e13","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2c1dfd21eaa500e19fa13cab4f43b8c0000beb781a60186dbdd93dd8380b5e13"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-21T23:50:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45LI3KNWXSM4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41b8b36de73196dc257a07e4cedaa7b13f4871f667cbfde7cf7ac0f0300a8ff6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-04-12T20:03:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"a2c0d4249a0625b7c2b10e041fd8bfcc2ff2fa801e172aa5f8163251d7f4f259"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1104.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1104.2333","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1104.2333v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1104.2333","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SFBU6EAJXF7S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SFBU6EAJXF7SFB45","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SFBU6EAJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2c1dfd21eaa500e19fa13cab4f43b8c0000beb781a60186dbdd93dd8380b5e13","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We explore the physical origin and robustness of constraints on the energy density in relativistic species prior to and during recombination, often expressed as constraints on an effective number of neutrino species, Neff. Constraints from current data combination of Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and South Pole Telescope (SPT) are almost entirely due to the impact of the neutrinos on the expansion rate, and how those changes to the expansion rate alter the ratio of the photon diffusion scale to the sound horizon scale at recombination. We demonstrate that very little of the const","authors_text":"Christian Reichardt, Lloyd Knox, Marius Millea, Ryan Keisler, Zhen Hou","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-04-12T20:03:59Z","title":"How Massless Neutrinos Affect the Cosmic Microwave Background Damping Tail"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1104.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:27c566553b3c9081e1281b6df3aedd25b0d4b3c5e9a3fadfeeaf5fbaa8a33e99","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41b8b36de73196dc257a07e4cedaa7b13f4871f667cbfde7cf7ac0f0300a8ff6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-04-12T20:03:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"a2c0d4249a0625b7c2b10e041fd8bfcc2ff2fa801e172aa5f8163251d7f4f259"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1104.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"91434f1009b97f22879d5a36a6daf267352ea59c3eee46ce5a3307f323096a1f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"91434f1009b97f22879d5a36a6daf267352ea59c3eee46ce5a3307f323096a1f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45.823494Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45.823494Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"L0Pl92pIUCGtM9DAUidOW9n+aBb0kCvrOEGxwqgOEM6QnZSzZXCn5RRxWWDj5xL6uFuLbeUgOvJziKxQdrIZCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:21:45.824153Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1104.2333","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:27c566553b3c9081e1281b6df3aedd25b0d4b3c5e9a3fadfeeaf5fbaa8a33e99","sha256:2c1dfd21eaa500e19fa13cab4f43b8c0000beb781a60186dbdd93dd8380b5e13"],"state_sha256":"a8e193d3147e6a249ead8b306c52da93da7440f1f833d54fe929ca0cdfc0dbe8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UyKntG/WEx2D/EBFmqAj3bQ72hRiIAZPmAiB37Z8VKMNI17kGe3iAekqpDPwQ8Fr5aaxNI14UTPxrPFte8GPBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T23:50:07.875957Z","bundle_sha256":"d40e6c566f845cfa603e55b246ab4c4626fbc79cf498732e2596de6dfa500a83"}}