{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU","short_pith_number":"pith:SNU4TMKN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.08310","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-26T13:17:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"title_canon_sha256":"d1f431ddc015507bc0bd87598936dabcbbaa4b6dbb288409936d03ba6e1ee6d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"210a2c2632c7e943c8394fa838d41f32ed3c788b7d5a1fcf844057048fa01f6a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9369c9b14db93b91e0425a94303e9705083ee5d2aa4b5ac49304da5ce5e67ece","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1602.08310","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.08310","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.08310v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.08310","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SNU4TMKNXE5Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SNU4TMKN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.08310","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-26T13:17:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"title_canon_sha256":"d1f431ddc015507bc0bd87598936dabcbbaa4b6dbb288409936d03ba6e1ee6d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"210a2c2632c7e943c8394fa838d41f32ed3c788b7d5a1fcf844057048fa01f6a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9369c9b14db93b91e0425a94303e9705083ee5d2aa4b5ac49304da5ce5e67ece","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08.981223Z","signature_b64":"bFws4jeT2KkgndU+en+ILxIIir69RLq1fxtvVxGuK/CUZ/9LM7oe+6D6MV2q2se/E9DmN9FLDtvWabtx1JE3Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9369c9b14db93b91e0425a94303e9705083ee5d2aa4b5ac49304da5ce5e67ece","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08.980829Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08.980829Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1602.08310","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JCNQ1yHUvVV/8OarFHWzf2aSDE/GVLavImkj5dp4btrYjrJawyNBpmMFAMLF5P1/M/TMwRBJ6I/1bEJHLVq0Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T21:24:15.951710Z"},"content_sha256":"dd3a1f71bea1c0fadebf8be3ecd7c48b067b2b3ab871348c9a329d14c13d2c3e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dd3a1f71bea1c0fadebf8be3ecd7c48b067b2b3ab871348c9a329d14c13d2c3e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Low-dimensional approach to pair production in an oscillating electric field: Application to bandgap graphene layers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Carsten M\\\"uller, Ibrahim Akal, Reinhold Egger, Selym Villalba-Ch\\'avez","submitted_at":"2016-02-26T13:17:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"The production of particle-antiparticle pairs from the quantum field theoretic ground state in the presence of an external electric field is studied. Starting with the quantum kinetic Boltzmann-Vlasov equation in four-dimensional spacetime, we obtain the corresponding equations in lower dimensionalities by way of spatial compactification. Our outcomes in $2+1$-dimensions are applied to bandgap graphene layers, where the charge carriers have the particular property of behaving like light massive Dirac fermions. We calculate the single-particle distribution function for the case of an electric f"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.08310","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ePPnHhhGejl+1SlF/v95i5iA0sKBCQv0jdWylF919GfV7y0+ArijT3Bp1H+4TCSPUub574FjEDy6Kcnn+KrpBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T21:24:15.952402Z"},"content_sha256":"54dceb810a9c3a0473419f7537b5f166489256d034a2608726a7655ca93a85e6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:54dceb810a9c3a0473419f7537b5f166489256d034a2608726a7655ca93a85e6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T21:24:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCCLKKDAPUXAU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"210a2c2632c7e943c8394fa838d41f32ed3c788b7d5a1fcf844057048fa01f6a","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-26T13:17:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"d1f431ddc015507bc0bd87598936dabcbbaa4b6dbb288409936d03ba6e1ee6d3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.08310","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.08310","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.08310v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.08310","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SNU4TMKNXE5Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SNU4TMKNXE5ZDYCC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SNU4TMKN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:54dceb810a9c3a0473419f7537b5f166489256d034a2608726a7655ca93a85e6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The production of particle-antiparticle pairs from the quantum field theoretic ground state in the presence of an external electric field is studied. Starting with the quantum kinetic Boltzmann-Vlasov equation in four-dimensional spacetime, we obtain the corresponding equations in lower dimensionalities by way of spatial compactification. Our outcomes in $2+1$-dimensions are applied to bandgap graphene layers, where the charge carriers have the particular property of behaving like light massive Dirac fermions. We calculate the single-particle distribution function for the case of an electric f","authors_text":"Carsten M\\\"uller, Ibrahim Akal, Reinhold Egger, Selym Villalba-Ch\\'avez","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-26T13:17:40Z","title":"Low-dimensional approach to pair production in an oscillating electric field: Application to bandgap graphene layers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.08310","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dd3a1f71bea1c0fadebf8be3ecd7c48b067b2b3ab871348c9a329d14c13d2c3e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"210a2c2632c7e943c8394fa838d41f32ed3c788b7d5a1fcf844057048fa01f6a","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-26T13:17:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"d1f431ddc015507bc0bd87598936dabcbbaa4b6dbb288409936d03ba6e1ee6d3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.08310","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"9369c9b14db93b91e0425a94303e9705083ee5d2aa4b5ac49304da5ce5e67ece","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9369c9b14db93b91e0425a94303e9705083ee5d2aa4b5ac49304da5ce5e67ece","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08.980829Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08.980829Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bFws4jeT2KkgndU+en+ILxIIir69RLq1fxtvVxGuK/CUZ/9LM7oe+6D6MV2q2se/E9DmN9FLDtvWabtx1JE3Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:08.981223Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1602.08310","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dd3a1f71bea1c0fadebf8be3ecd7c48b067b2b3ab871348c9a329d14c13d2c3e","sha256:54dceb810a9c3a0473419f7537b5f166489256d034a2608726a7655ca93a85e6"],"state_sha256":"9e14febdde29cd8a8101b831fef64f584be5f35f894b5f64037cc934db84d04b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5b2PoISPNNTJ9pK+CQYHymTL53Yqf+9jhiLJEC2qHN5osOmpQMCvQW3DC/yZehzOOa0vgOfUK+zLkHySu4NFCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T21:24:15.954972Z","bundle_sha256":"eef75a3b3171043f8b16eafafb2e5c5e70657ad843166441dd06a4285bfebf6d"}}