{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI","short_pith_number":"pith:SO4YEOS6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.10122","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T17:40:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"2c17df95b0b3621c85795d130d583d4f73267ceaf77e9412c66d428ca198c887","abstract_canon_sha256":"3b496ecb91c3dad0ed9adb2f7497508542e8691154069b4ccc13c64c647b6064"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"93b9823a5efb77d205e40e7b264ada1a17dc6550223daaa240b565b054f907e6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1806.10122","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.10122","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.10122v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.10122","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SO4YEOS67N35","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SO4YEOS67N35EBPE","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SO4YEOS6","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.10122","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T17:40:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"2c17df95b0b3621c85795d130d583d4f73267ceaf77e9412c66d428ca198c887","abstract_canon_sha256":"3b496ecb91c3dad0ed9adb2f7497508542e8691154069b4ccc13c64c647b6064"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"93b9823a5efb77d205e40e7b264ada1a17dc6550223daaa240b565b054f907e6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25.121846Z","signature_b64":"BeNXp3eTWeUq1mtPNAGK4xpw2ar4VS1AjoFmEnRTmj9FnBYbB27Vq8QnPYccxJdbA40LQTHxuRi1fd5FcAhFDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"93b9823a5efb77d205e40e7b264ada1a17dc6550223daaa240b565b054f907e6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25.121463Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25.121463Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1806.10122","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3DO2lNdDdDZFNg9wdvRrU7brJUomBp1g/uh1yC/zN16kj8hf2FCs+xrZs/4n3xH6M2AqnvzkMfgpoh6DKYYcBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T12:20:23.412900Z"},"content_sha256":"aa04492b93d910c4fe77a4675442293361bbd1f4cb5ac62de0dff53193303d3c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aa04492b93d910c4fe77a4675442293361bbd1f4cb5ac62de0dff53193303d3c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Testing General Relativity in Cosmology","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Mustapha Ishak","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T17:40:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"We review recent developments and results in testing general relativity (GR) at cosmological scales. The subject has witnessed rapid growth during the last two decades with the aim of addressing the question of cosmic acceleration and the dark energy associated with it. However, with the advent of precision cosmology, it has also become a well-motivated endeavor by itself to test gravitational physics at cosmic scales. We overview cosmological probes of gravity, formalisms and parameterizations for testing deviations from GR at cosmological scales, selected modified gravity (MG) theories, grav"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.10122","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1806.10122/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LeGo4vASFW/RWW0mmqnlYexa6M0TdoNd4xGUjMgRo4uaQ/KAgV6kZwP/MC9g7vjzy0/esL5v+rPBZWNV3B+7BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T12:20:23.413523Z"},"content_sha256":"de325d1632ceff417ce2be3c5e0da586924c1a64e86ff3ca27815a416fb855ef","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:de325d1632ceff417ce2be3c5e0da586924c1a64e86ff3ca27815a416fb855ef"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-08T12:20:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:SO4YEOS67N35EBPEBZ5SMSW2DI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3b496ecb91c3dad0ed9adb2f7497508542e8691154069b4ccc13c64c647b6064","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T17:40:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"2c17df95b0b3621c85795d130d583d4f73267ceaf77e9412c66d428ca198c887"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.10122","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.10122","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.10122v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.10122","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SO4YEOS67N35","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SO4YEOS67N35EBPE","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SO4YEOS6","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:de325d1632ceff417ce2be3c5e0da586924c1a64e86ff3ca27815a416fb855ef","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1806.10122/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We review recent developments and results in testing general relativity (GR) at cosmological scales. The subject has witnessed rapid growth during the last two decades with the aim of addressing the question of cosmic acceleration and the dark energy associated with it. However, with the advent of precision cosmology, it has also become a well-motivated endeavor by itself to test gravitational physics at cosmic scales. We overview cosmological probes of gravity, formalisms and parameterizations for testing deviations from GR at cosmological scales, selected modified gravity (MG) theories, grav","authors_text":"Mustapha Ishak","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T17:40:47Z","title":"Testing General Relativity in Cosmology"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.10122","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:aa04492b93d910c4fe77a4675442293361bbd1f4cb5ac62de0dff53193303d3c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3b496ecb91c3dad0ed9adb2f7497508542e8691154069b4ccc13c64c647b6064","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T17:40:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"2c17df95b0b3621c85795d130d583d4f73267ceaf77e9412c66d428ca198c887"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.10122","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"93b9823a5efb77d205e40e7b264ada1a17dc6550223daaa240b565b054f907e6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"93b9823a5efb77d205e40e7b264ada1a17dc6550223daaa240b565b054f907e6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25.121463Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25.121463Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"BeNXp3eTWeUq1mtPNAGK4xpw2ar4VS1AjoFmEnRTmj9FnBYbB27Vq8QnPYccxJdbA40LQTHxuRi1fd5FcAhFDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:25.121846Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1806.10122","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:aa04492b93d910c4fe77a4675442293361bbd1f4cb5ac62de0dff53193303d3c","sha256:de325d1632ceff417ce2be3c5e0da586924c1a64e86ff3ca27815a416fb855ef"],"state_sha256":"1c79dce99b7f6ad8f2d487552a6f029beb9c315e012a35aa6c2151235f582412"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qhZ3KZklfolL52ngWoqH4SgKlI7iDNt7/EcHkO9Z96VodAuFmylLsfAM2rBaFrpinnc+UBkDaPAVSAVXHU1tDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T12:20:23.416505Z","bundle_sha256":"eed4331c111fd84aff5ca1e912b000daaacc7240652a715a28f2885ba67dfd02"}}