{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB","short_pith_number":"pith:SP4GHO32","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.00886","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-04-04T14:54:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"096aa04992b0580832e95eacd0e5da3ce55160f6e922dbfdf172c2b6406bde6d","abstract_canon_sha256":"dd00317a5ef8704209406036e508fc21234ea4ac7292ec705ec57df953b7576f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"93f863bb7a20941cd5fe8d2910feb05876ecd3a712ae9d8e9ab4ab784ebd1981","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1604.00886","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.00886","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.00886v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.00886","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SP4GHO32ECKB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SP4GHO32","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.00886","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-04-04T14:54:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"096aa04992b0580832e95eacd0e5da3ce55160f6e922dbfdf172c2b6406bde6d","abstract_canon_sha256":"dd00317a5ef8704209406036e508fc21234ea4ac7292ec705ec57df953b7576f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"93f863bb7a20941cd5fe8d2910feb05876ecd3a712ae9d8e9ab4ab784ebd1981","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26.802048Z","signature_b64":"Y7hRtReJj/G+oxeV7a8jO0cimn66m9PtjANacB01onCPyL0YFlbT9uedqzmFGa4iklBgsZy5uJCH+k0SmghQBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"93f863bb7a20941cd5fe8d2910feb05876ecd3a712ae9d8e9ab4ab784ebd1981","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26.801348Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26.801348Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1604.00886","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"O7xgurOJUSfJFFQntPTcIGZb8qZ61hv3F9mRRCMRoWRby8CQ8ZzWw8hTf/JVfTdrVuhuzpgMX7nKlT6UhPIlDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T23:09:41.224341Z"},"content_sha256":"e7fe8e9376593601968cca7e83576602cea116c5abd30b3e6570625cda490a5d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e7fe8e9376593601968cca7e83576602cea116c5abd30b3e6570625cda490a5d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Sound Speed and Viscosity of Semi-Relativistic Relic Neutrinos","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ex","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"2), (2) Australian National University, (3) University of Chicago), Andrew J. Long (3) ((1) Arizona State University, Lawrence M. Krauss (1","submitted_at":"2016-04-04T14:54:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Generalized fluid equations, using sound speed $c_{\\rm eff}^2$ and viscosity $c_{\\rm vis}^2$ as effective parameters, provide a convenient phenomenological formalism for testing the relic neutrino \"null hypothesis,\" i.e. that that neutrinos are relativistic and free-streaming prior to recombination. In this work, we relax the relativistic assumption and ask \"to what extent can the generalized fluid equations accommodate finite neutrino mass?\" We consider both the mass of active neutrinos, which are largely still relativistic at recombination $m^2 / T^2 \\sim 0.2$, and the effect of a semi-relat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.00886","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AWr8jLKQ5OuW7DdqulN8tVStMzHRTcKHDgKlj7pjW9D7rcDC36whZp1j49F1c7UPzIfsN5tmKP7kJQwCYxgPCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T23:09:41.224693Z"},"content_sha256":"be31ac7e90e2676592c24af0d9f20b655200066c5cc90e8196dbdf2713b2ecb3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:be31ac7e90e2676592c24af0d9f20b655200066c5cc90e8196dbdf2713b2ecb3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-24T23:09:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6RUURB7VQLB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dd00317a5ef8704209406036e508fc21234ea4ac7292ec705ec57df953b7576f","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-04-04T14:54:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"096aa04992b0580832e95eacd0e5da3ce55160f6e922dbfdf172c2b6406bde6d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.00886","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.00886","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.00886v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.00886","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SP4GHO32ECKB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SP4GHO32ECKBZVP6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SP4GHO32","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:be31ac7e90e2676592c24af0d9f20b655200066c5cc90e8196dbdf2713b2ecb3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Generalized fluid equations, using sound speed $c_{\\rm eff}^2$ and viscosity $c_{\\rm vis}^2$ as effective parameters, provide a convenient phenomenological formalism for testing the relic neutrino \"null hypothesis,\" i.e. that that neutrinos are relativistic and free-streaming prior to recombination. In this work, we relax the relativistic assumption and ask \"to what extent can the generalized fluid equations accommodate finite neutrino mass?\" We consider both the mass of active neutrinos, which are largely still relativistic at recombination $m^2 / T^2 \\sim 0.2$, and the effect of a semi-relat","authors_text":"2), (2) Australian National University, (3) University of Chicago), Andrew J. Long (3) ((1) Arizona State University, Lawrence M. Krauss (1","cross_cats":["hep-ex","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-04-04T14:54:10Z","title":"Sound Speed and Viscosity of Semi-Relativistic Relic Neutrinos"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.00886","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e7fe8e9376593601968cca7e83576602cea116c5abd30b3e6570625cda490a5d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dd00317a5ef8704209406036e508fc21234ea4ac7292ec705ec57df953b7576f","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-04-04T14:54:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"096aa04992b0580832e95eacd0e5da3ce55160f6e922dbfdf172c2b6406bde6d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.00886","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"93f863bb7a20941cd5fe8d2910feb05876ecd3a712ae9d8e9ab4ab784ebd1981","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"93f863bb7a20941cd5fe8d2910feb05876ecd3a712ae9d8e9ab4ab784ebd1981","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26.801348Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26.801348Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Y7hRtReJj/G+oxeV7a8jO0cimn66m9PtjANacB01onCPyL0YFlbT9uedqzmFGa4iklBgsZy5uJCH+k0SmghQBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:26.802048Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1604.00886","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e7fe8e9376593601968cca7e83576602cea116c5abd30b3e6570625cda490a5d","sha256:be31ac7e90e2676592c24af0d9f20b655200066c5cc90e8196dbdf2713b2ecb3"],"state_sha256":"c28fff39d91f32cd7043f81f95c80d7f9445eba07556194bb198df1fbe513c62"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1JTa1eXBLHfmbhKkwZwFoiBvMW8w/Tom45ySHKIjj0yxPSLngdIWlDEwVYpPDbLvVP+iLAXTmIhtqqzRJJJUCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T23:09:41.226666Z","bundle_sha256":"0c93a0472ab0d856b1077c17133eb1f9f0d7358d5ebd262e91e8762f6cc2c7d8"}}