{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X","short_pith_number":"pith:SP5IAW3H","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.05932","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T13:52:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"661905fb8938e5532aeea68666a5d4f44f4d7b07466d1e64e2b0beb8a047516c","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc45586deabbe77f940a0059feac6de7ce6855a9c8a968325b1b5bccaaef1703"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"93fa805b67e80b325ee0d258870d5de5c418464247c9fe66b77393eef13ef885","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.05932","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.05932","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.05932v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.05932","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SP5IAW3H5AFT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SP5IAW3H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.05932","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T13:52:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"661905fb8938e5532aeea68666a5d4f44f4d7b07466d1e64e2b0beb8a047516c","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc45586deabbe77f940a0059feac6de7ce6855a9c8a968325b1b5bccaaef1703"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"93fa805b67e80b325ee0d258870d5de5c418464247c9fe66b77393eef13ef885","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17.766377Z","signature_b64":"FXIcdvXpfw6GEcYbbmsJxiUThpO+aY+UFc5Q3kSpdYhvpi8TohzZOlA07M7duRisJV/JfGM1WTmrkv234hDsCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"93fa805b67e80b325ee0d258870d5de5c418464247c9fe66b77393eef13ef885","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17.765794Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17.765794Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.05932","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MnOAsuc95WxfbEACICPZrqmWux64HsCtq2b5El/kkef3sEyAh4JxFzMt4b02wl5IeZ3v0U55GYXPzc/yLDDADQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:13:04.218912Z"},"content_sha256":"7f3a17ff8836c5dedf2cb92794156c294d78aa45eea3adf82a7d49739cd6d197","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7f3a17ff8836c5dedf2cb92794156c294d78aa45eea3adf82a7d49739cd6d197"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Its All in a Name: Detecting and Labeling Bots by Their Name","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"David M. Beskow, Kathleen M. Carley","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T13:52:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Automated social media bots have existed almost as long as the social media environments they inhabit. Their emergence has triggered numerous research efforts to develop increasingly sophisticated means to detect these accounts. These efforts have resulted in a cat and mouse cycle in which detection algorithms evolve trying to keep up with ever evolving bots. As part of this continued evolution, our research proposes a multi-model 'tool-box' approach in order to conduct detection at various tiers of data granularity. To support this toolbox approach this research also uses random string detect"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.05932","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A2Sd8JpduIsHnPyFbkSxVSP+/CPiy7lQiD94OvUhWCNZ+puHU2gbfRxXZUPHgM6Qkx5/9udsYrZ8+ogqddg7AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:13:04.219258Z"},"content_sha256":"386720f3358b1d121b94b70480cb3b54cea288340dd59a645ef6828b4c49e002","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:386720f3358b1d121b94b70480cb3b54cea288340dd59a645ef6828b4c49e002"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T13:13:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA2JMIODK54X","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dc45586deabbe77f940a0059feac6de7ce6855a9c8a968325b1b5bccaaef1703","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T13:52:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"661905fb8938e5532aeea68666a5d4f44f4d7b07466d1e64e2b0beb8a047516c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.05932","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.05932","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.05932v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.05932","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SP5IAW3H5AFT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SP5IAW3H5AFTEXXA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SP5IAW3H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:386720f3358b1d121b94b70480cb3b54cea288340dd59a645ef6828b4c49e002","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Automated social media bots have existed almost as long as the social media environments they inhabit. Their emergence has triggered numerous research efforts to develop increasingly sophisticated means to detect these accounts. These efforts have resulted in a cat and mouse cycle in which detection algorithms evolve trying to keep up with ever evolving bots. As part of this continued evolution, our research proposes a multi-model 'tool-box' approach in order to conduct detection at various tiers of data granularity. To support this toolbox approach this research also uses random string detect","authors_text":"David M. Beskow, Kathleen M. Carley","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T13:52:46Z","title":"Its All in a Name: Detecting and Labeling Bots by Their Name"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.05932","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7f3a17ff8836c5dedf2cb92794156c294d78aa45eea3adf82a7d49739cd6d197","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dc45586deabbe77f940a0059feac6de7ce6855a9c8a968325b1b5bccaaef1703","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T13:52:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"661905fb8938e5532aeea68666a5d4f44f4d7b07466d1e64e2b0beb8a047516c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.05932","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"93fa805b67e80b325ee0d258870d5de5c418464247c9fe66b77393eef13ef885","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"93fa805b67e80b325ee0d258870d5de5c418464247c9fe66b77393eef13ef885","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17.765794Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17.765794Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FXIcdvXpfw6GEcYbbmsJxiUThpO+aY+UFc5Q3kSpdYhvpi8TohzZOlA07M7duRisJV/JfGM1WTmrkv234hDsCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:17.766377Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.05932","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7f3a17ff8836c5dedf2cb92794156c294d78aa45eea3adf82a7d49739cd6d197","sha256:386720f3358b1d121b94b70480cb3b54cea288340dd59a645ef6828b4c49e002"],"state_sha256":"9ce488e04bcbb19c06cfd8676e0805d984241a871569dadad10cf29c33b9a303"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/0PEQaEoDCGb4xA+grwj1DfYQ87gmPpvQmFlN0xmQJkoiczcrWKT8cDLDahhFp3jO7xykHQXZx8DLzBVHO6pCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:13:04.221308Z","bundle_sha256":"f4e456a6f5be2d9d2d86c866fde3b021e42138343b53495e2b29f8f41807aaf2"}}