{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH","short_pith_number":"pith:SR3JRAVU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9909275","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-09-15T19:28:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ff6b262a043348ed24e271a4e6fe8a62c85d876b6dcd28190379e7c26d132208","abstract_canon_sha256":"0bd64fbb0c616027125b014f68a6ce014dea34d8e0747935a661b2afce8cb1d4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"94769882b47888a61f6fc3ab6e6d0f61f08e8a0db844e476671d0a371f933262","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9909275","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9909275","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9909275v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9909275","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SR3JRAVUPCEK","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3P","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SR3JRAVU","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9909275","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-09-15T19:28:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ff6b262a043348ed24e271a4e6fe8a62c85d876b6dcd28190379e7c26d132208","abstract_canon_sha256":"0bd64fbb0c616027125b014f68a6ce014dea34d8e0747935a661b2afce8cb1d4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"94769882b47888a61f6fc3ab6e6d0f61f08e8a0db844e476671d0a371f933262","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15.275194Z","signature_b64":"ZVR19zKWieQv2Qx4cMbnyJxlKfKpgKx1GreA/d81E1pGijxbanss7psuhLtMV/zjha1GJV4O9jjC/1oTy6vJBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"94769882b47888a61f6fc3ab6e6d0f61f08e8a0db844e476671d0a371f933262","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15.274796Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15.274796Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9909275","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AD98mw7tvQieLEqh3uIccXsU7jnmUrP5Tv/ewYuy/G4IDylg451q4E4lNT2qWCjuOIEg2/LyoMRhnTJDUQwjDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T21:30:03.246524Z"},"content_sha256":"49bd565606ff58ffef7d2017cb335503f39c5865a53064a2e27861f61f764510","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:49bd565606ff58ffef7d2017cb335503f39c5865a53064a2e27861f61f764510"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A New Calculation of the Recombination Epoch","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Dimitar D. Sasselov, Douglas Scott, Sara Seager","submitted_at":"1999-09-15T19:28:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"We have developed an improved recombination calculation of H, HeI, and HeII in the early Universe which involves a line-by-line treatment of each atomic level. We find two major differences compared with previous calculations. Firstly, the ionization fraction x_e is approximately 10% smaller for redshifts <~800, due to non-equilibrium processes in the excited states of H. Secondly, HeI recombination is much slower than previously thought, and is delayed until just before H recombines. We describe the basic physics behind the new results and present a simple way to reproduce our calculation. Th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9909275","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9909275/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"owVLAjn7NED3PMiIdCp42OqnKNMFa8FyEB51nQlMK9mHIyfyqwnI+3F6vQ0t8kkGR7zK1eZNVeiFgYzPm2Q3Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T21:30:03.247012Z"},"content_sha256":"75a1247654c352f2ce23fb04e89a6b53ccca34f88766cffcfe3f1023512d5578","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:75a1247654c352f2ce23fb04e89a6b53ccca34f88766cffcfe3f1023512d5578"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-02T21:30:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3PYOVW43IPMH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0bd64fbb0c616027125b014f68a6ce014dea34d8e0747935a661b2afce8cb1d4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-09-15T19:28:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"ff6b262a043348ed24e271a4e6fe8a62c85d876b6dcd28190379e7c26d132208"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9909275","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9909275","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9909275v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9909275","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SR3JRAVUPCEK","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SR3JRAVUPCEKMH3P","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SR3JRAVU","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:75a1247654c352f2ce23fb04e89a6b53ccca34f88766cffcfe3f1023512d5578","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9909275/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We have developed an improved recombination calculation of H, HeI, and HeII in the early Universe which involves a line-by-line treatment of each atomic level. We find two major differences compared with previous calculations. Firstly, the ionization fraction x_e is approximately 10% smaller for redshifts <~800, due to non-equilibrium processes in the excited states of H. Secondly, HeI recombination is much slower than previously thought, and is delayed until just before H recombines. We describe the basic physics behind the new results and present a simple way to reproduce our calculation. Th","authors_text":"Dimitar D. Sasselov, Douglas Scott, Sara Seager","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-09-15T19:28:51Z","title":"A New Calculation of the Recombination Epoch"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9909275","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:49bd565606ff58ffef7d2017cb335503f39c5865a53064a2e27861f61f764510","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0bd64fbb0c616027125b014f68a6ce014dea34d8e0747935a661b2afce8cb1d4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-09-15T19:28:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"ff6b262a043348ed24e271a4e6fe8a62c85d876b6dcd28190379e7c26d132208"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9909275","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"94769882b47888a61f6fc3ab6e6d0f61f08e8a0db844e476671d0a371f933262","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"94769882b47888a61f6fc3ab6e6d0f61f08e8a0db844e476671d0a371f933262","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15.274796Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15.274796Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ZVR19zKWieQv2Qx4cMbnyJxlKfKpgKx1GreA/d81E1pGijxbanss7psuhLtMV/zjha1GJV4O9jjC/1oTy6vJBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:15.275194Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9909275","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:49bd565606ff58ffef7d2017cb335503f39c5865a53064a2e27861f61f764510","sha256:75a1247654c352f2ce23fb04e89a6b53ccca34f88766cffcfe3f1023512d5578"],"state_sha256":"0fcf03e0b532dc0e98cc17604222a9807cdc5882ccd4d00b7f3bb41a92e15156"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KFT7KpACmBSH7+5Ef8wvuzkI5AzbRZas8JZNcl+kfkEAnM3AJqYH7CtRi5ZGQErzyFQ4L1D+t9v10Yns5dRdBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T21:30:03.250271Z","bundle_sha256":"1c327c6e60086da2f2309e5a2d429be96156e5aad9375fb9a553fceccdbe0bbd"}}