{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA","short_pith_number":"pith:SRDDWXHM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.06170","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T00:12:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"38e6e9d1b38882b455e85e96d5460549bb7069201e579c8a88c61c2c6ca84d9c","abstract_canon_sha256":"f84fff02fd0e5c28fe08b6fc9a543d421b640e66afe1e9eab01541016081ae7d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"94463b5cec9e6ff03793517883a0d8300e8c114306f7074fb036cfef1e229c81","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2210.06170","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.06170","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.06170v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.06170","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SRDDWXHMTZX7","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4T","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SRDDWXHM","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.06170","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T00:12:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"38e6e9d1b38882b455e85e96d5460549bb7069201e579c8a88c61c2c6ca84d9c","abstract_canon_sha256":"f84fff02fd0e5c28fe08b6fc9a543d421b640e66afe1e9eab01541016081ae7d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"94463b5cec9e6ff03793517883a0d8300e8c114306f7074fb036cfef1e229c81","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04.735429Z","signature_b64":"a9ZWyh/0i79RCL8SMqzys9TsJ9kV24x7nDpoxgu0wcNKWU0bvh2OtXupD8srYTUuT0QGJG+xRJ3inkWvWpSsBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"94463b5cec9e6ff03793517883a0d8300e8c114306f7074fb036cfef1e229c81","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04.734961Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04.734961Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2210.06170","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Rcib7R6W/adRSBdp7tawEj2oH2kFwia8WmbqdWFEwNNNM783Zc9saNcwGFlejddmS/b3pEAl5D8Mc2RWHrRYBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:11:48.109130Z"},"content_sha256":"c6915043823390c2ca6f684b6d737220332cab72dcc728a1e6ce9bdc6bacc2d4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c6915043823390c2ca6f684b6d737220332cab72dcc728a1e6ce9bdc6bacc2d4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Contrastive Neural Ratio Estimation for Simulation-based Inference","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Benjamin Kurt Miller, Christoph Weniger, Patrick Forr\\'e","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T00:12:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Likelihood-to-evidence ratio estimation is usually cast as either a binary (NRE-A) or a multiclass (NRE-B) classification task. In contrast to the binary classification framework, the current formulation of the multiclass version has an intrinsic and unknown bias term, making otherwise informative diagnostics unreliable. We propose a multiclass framework free from the bias inherent to NRE-B at optimum, leaving us in the position to run diagnostics that practitioners depend on. It also recovers NRE-A in one corner case and NRE-B in the limiting case. For fair comparison, we benchmark the behavi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.06170","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2210.06170/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l+35653TJ8jpxGLZlB9XjEIx+pkySg3PVRHR/W8LRuEe6OBAbDx5Fx7wrFIKpMaamadqXytIl5Y36TVd+wD5BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:11:48.109656Z"},"content_sha256":"67fcd71b292074d531119e3e6aab554930d7b0d1c06d8e0e692eb27c5aa0a7f2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:67fcd71b292074d531119e3e6aab554930d7b0d1c06d8e0e692eb27c5aa0a7f2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T06:11:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4TKF4IHIGYGA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f84fff02fd0e5c28fe08b6fc9a543d421b640e66afe1e9eab01541016081ae7d","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T00:12:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"38e6e9d1b38882b455e85e96d5460549bb7069201e579c8a88c61c2c6ca84d9c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.06170","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.06170","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.06170v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.06170","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SRDDWXHMTZX7","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SRDDWXHMTZX7AN4T","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SRDDWXHM","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:67fcd71b292074d531119e3e6aab554930d7b0d1c06d8e0e692eb27c5aa0a7f2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2210.06170/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Likelihood-to-evidence ratio estimation is usually cast as either a binary (NRE-A) or a multiclass (NRE-B) classification task. In contrast to the binary classification framework, the current formulation of the multiclass version has an intrinsic and unknown bias term, making otherwise informative diagnostics unreliable. We propose a multiclass framework free from the bias inherent to NRE-B at optimum, leaving us in the position to run diagnostics that practitioners depend on. It also recovers NRE-A in one corner case and NRE-B in the limiting case. For fair comparison, we benchmark the behavi","authors_text":"Benjamin Kurt Miller, Christoph Weniger, Patrick Forr\\'e","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T00:12:51Z","title":"Contrastive Neural Ratio Estimation for Simulation-based Inference"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.06170","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c6915043823390c2ca6f684b6d737220332cab72dcc728a1e6ce9bdc6bacc2d4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f84fff02fd0e5c28fe08b6fc9a543d421b640e66afe1e9eab01541016081ae7d","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T00:12:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"38e6e9d1b38882b455e85e96d5460549bb7069201e579c8a88c61c2c6ca84d9c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.06170","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"94463b5cec9e6ff03793517883a0d8300e8c114306f7074fb036cfef1e229c81","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"94463b5cec9e6ff03793517883a0d8300e8c114306f7074fb036cfef1e229c81","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04.734961Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04.734961Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"a9ZWyh/0i79RCL8SMqzys9TsJ9kV24x7nDpoxgu0wcNKWU0bvh2OtXupD8srYTUuT0QGJG+xRJ3inkWvWpSsBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:04.735429Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2210.06170","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c6915043823390c2ca6f684b6d737220332cab72dcc728a1e6ce9bdc6bacc2d4","sha256:67fcd71b292074d531119e3e6aab554930d7b0d1c06d8e0e692eb27c5aa0a7f2"],"state_sha256":"24c83cfb529cfc03705aca23a2d46b8fc0e7a911a2c0baea83cef58fc39ac2b9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z4D9QnZ2jfoLMzmHKlG76zR7KOO8Iq4BdukvM+Mschp35WGPCNXWvQrDok1nDfBv7Ni+AYAC+3pTJ0sDB7i1CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:11:48.114806Z","bundle_sha256":"21490f4f9d6a5c9f542852a0b8fe44941f6a3b58873e33e4751614eb363e304f"}}