{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4","short_pith_number":"pith:SRNIRDMA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.09540","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-10-18T18:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"651abbf9c233e5a981701a5f71ec668da9aa451dc72b2e464c1b0de3b5d64a78","abstract_canon_sha256":"f12e1b9f0cd7ca16584992f4174ed6e77fdf9e792392bf91e29dc6ec8241e082"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"945a888d80a269d3c0d669d8d9d5397f31af33bb492538c08843ea5a119bb9e8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2110.09540","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.09540","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.09540v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.09540","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SRNIRDMAUJU5","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGW","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SRNIRDMA","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.09540","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-10-18T18:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"651abbf9c233e5a981701a5f71ec668da9aa451dc72b2e464c1b0de3b5d64a78","abstract_canon_sha256":"f12e1b9f0cd7ca16584992f4174ed6e77fdf9e792392bf91e29dc6ec8241e082"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"945a888d80a269d3c0d669d8d9d5397f31af33bb492538c08843ea5a119bb9e8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12.449265Z","signature_b64":"rhMZUbfJ8s+plWouEgElxuc6UAQzbrjZsMUW3UAO+s04hxPGwfFVX+UC0HftV5HvyqJ1UJbXHMt4mPDmSoClCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"945a888d80a269d3c0d669d8d9d5397f31af33bb492538c08843ea5a119bb9e8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12.448760Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12.448760Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2110.09540","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AcMjYZS6qKf86SFSBAaoYkSCMaggRr5nU7+GOvw6ARsF2lafMy23FusBj34Xcsp5dcSEq/KDWf77Y3e8qHmOBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T03:59:31.337527Z"},"content_sha256":"1c9c2922686bb515b896a19f60a6f51e255e8f119b8899982b02ec9920d6d4ee","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1c9c2922686bb515b896a19f60a6f51e255e8f119b8899982b02ec9920d6d4ee"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Astrophysical Gravitational-Wave Echoes from Galactic Nuclei","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Bence Kocsis, L\\'aszl\\'o Gond\\'an","submitted_at":"2021-10-18T18:00:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Galactic nuclei (GNs) are dense stellar environments abundant in gravitational-wave (GW) sources for LIGO, VIRGO, and KAGRA. The GWs may be generated by stellar-mass black hole (BH) or neutron star mergers following gravitational bremsstrahlung, dynamical scattering encounters, Kozai-Lidov type oscillations driven by the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), or gas-assisted mergers if present. In this paper, we examine a smoking gun signature to identify sources in GNs: the GWs scattered by the central SMBH. This produces a secondary signal, an astrophysical GW echo, which has a very similar"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.09540","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2110.09540/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bfT0WX+ITA7gvJ/dE7pCn8xrsE8JNyJG7671kYZWsXMlWI1nWda1tAx5xF1YB0rIUajH4rYPgogXJ8HcNGFpAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T03:59:31.338138Z"},"content_sha256":"5caddfac9e1080a70ef398b31dde0faad1c4c49fb0f01785aec606f991863894","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5caddfac9e1080a70ef398b31dde0faad1c4c49fb0f01785aec606f991863894"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T03:59:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGWNHMNTVJZP4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f12e1b9f0cd7ca16584992f4174ed6e77fdf9e792392bf91e29dc6ec8241e082","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-10-18T18:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"651abbf9c233e5a981701a5f71ec668da9aa451dc72b2e464c1b0de3b5d64a78"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.09540","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.09540","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.09540v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.09540","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SRNIRDMAUJU5","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SRNIRDMAUJU5HQGW","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SRNIRDMA","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5caddfac9e1080a70ef398b31dde0faad1c4c49fb0f01785aec606f991863894","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2110.09540/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Galactic nuclei (GNs) are dense stellar environments abundant in gravitational-wave (GW) sources for LIGO, VIRGO, and KAGRA. The GWs may be generated by stellar-mass black hole (BH) or neutron star mergers following gravitational bremsstrahlung, dynamical scattering encounters, Kozai-Lidov type oscillations driven by the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), or gas-assisted mergers if present. In this paper, we examine a smoking gun signature to identify sources in GNs: the GWs scattered by the central SMBH. This produces a secondary signal, an astrophysical GW echo, which has a very similar","authors_text":"Bence Kocsis, L\\'aszl\\'o Gond\\'an","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-10-18T18:00:04Z","title":"Astrophysical Gravitational-Wave Echoes from Galactic Nuclei"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.09540","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1c9c2922686bb515b896a19f60a6f51e255e8f119b8899982b02ec9920d6d4ee","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f12e1b9f0cd7ca16584992f4174ed6e77fdf9e792392bf91e29dc6ec8241e082","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-10-18T18:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"651abbf9c233e5a981701a5f71ec668da9aa451dc72b2e464c1b0de3b5d64a78"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.09540","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"945a888d80a269d3c0d669d8d9d5397f31af33bb492538c08843ea5a119bb9e8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"945a888d80a269d3c0d669d8d9d5397f31af33bb492538c08843ea5a119bb9e8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12.448760Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12.448760Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rhMZUbfJ8s+plWouEgElxuc6UAQzbrjZsMUW3UAO+s04hxPGwfFVX+UC0HftV5HvyqJ1UJbXHMt4mPDmSoClCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:45:12.449265Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2110.09540","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1c9c2922686bb515b896a19f60a6f51e255e8f119b8899982b02ec9920d6d4ee","sha256:5caddfac9e1080a70ef398b31dde0faad1c4c49fb0f01785aec606f991863894"],"state_sha256":"ea5696242ada6a5ea37ec4e013f2cb9805fae1646a8b255489bc05e44ca1e7f8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gI7y5Vo2FflLbjuyKtIxv/wqEINeYHBA1x8VIkL9rsWxvPW6AZ2fQDk9C1Os2Egm0HAgShXImoKMPtw8PuEzBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T03:59:31.342921Z","bundle_sha256":"2191f476ff9063e4f6ad063355af4069dbf217f5898d4fb6ca87a41407cd0f79"}}