{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS","short_pith_number":"pith:SSFJZ6KM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"quant-ph/9702029","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1997-02-12T00:48:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f4d123c870e3414ecf02117b165b0d2c3885a9006d2d45cb6b82463d91b93aa3","abstract_canon_sha256":"da97a1b880f7bfa61b3dffd6a1ebf56edb37876577f007fcbed614504954ea62"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"948a9cf94c3c86d7cf7cfb289ef5fd44afc7149b52588cfdfe7e5e282d10b96a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"quant-ph/9702029","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"quant-ph/9702029","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"quant-ph/9702029v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9702029","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SSFJZ6KMHSDN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT34","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SSFJZ6KM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"quant-ph/9702029","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1997-02-12T00:48:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f4d123c870e3414ecf02117b165b0d2c3885a9006d2d45cb6b82463d91b93aa3","abstract_canon_sha256":"da97a1b880f7bfa61b3dffd6a1ebf56edb37876577f007fcbed614504954ea62"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"948a9cf94c3c86d7cf7cfb289ef5fd44afc7149b52588cfdfe7e5e282d10b96a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25.756438Z","signature_b64":"xK6QUFK+fKIQ/ysClRkGIh2aWwXdDkhItn1MHO6u36d45QTRygK+4CTSFO9vkBYgj8fHOi6nRW+9Pn3sPBmbBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"948a9cf94c3c86d7cf7cfb289ef5fd44afc7149b52588cfdfe7e5e282d10b96a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25.755798Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25.755798Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"quant-ph/9702029","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"127lpPANXqGh3axQ/KW6LtsBllx1l+o/iym4bCQcWWeYNPyvxGCVu1WC5wbXab4uL+MOgskB/ZoyMK1THefKCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-01T09:38:57.944278Z"},"content_sha256":"8e6aa699b3ecf8045a4dbf74fc2a3319a6989f741b0fd8ea93984b09f3ad551f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8e6aa699b3ecf8045a4dbf74fc2a3319a6989f741b0fd8ea93984b09f3ad551f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Theory of Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Daniel Gottesman","submitted_at":"1997-02-12T00:48:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"In order to use quantum error-correcting codes to actually improve the performance of a quantum computer, it is necessary to be able to perform operations fault-tolerantly on encoded states. I present a general theory of fault-tolerant operations based on symmetries of the code stabilizer. This allows a straightforward determination of which operations can be performed fault-tolerantly on a given code. I demonstrate that fault-tolerant universal computation is possible for any stabilizer code. I discuss a number of examples in more detail, including the five-qubit code."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"quant-ph/9702029","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7qnYwBUfP1Ns1qAM7dIusX502BeE864sQtOxXYGNVfFDAlXYXnnyOsqN5phXOQitNM5yBAS9rsq/gPo0JlsRBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-01T09:38:57.944648Z"},"content_sha256":"3e5313ce8d12e28397a73bce010605475d2f94f728e87db4369d36587767d6e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3e5313ce8d12e28397a73bce010605475d2f94f728e87db4369d36587767d6e0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-01T09:38:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT347MUJ55P5IS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"da97a1b880f7bfa61b3dffd6a1ebf56edb37876577f007fcbed614504954ea62","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1997-02-12T00:48:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"f4d123c870e3414ecf02117b165b0d2c3885a9006d2d45cb6b82463d91b93aa3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"quant-ph/9702029","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"quant-ph/9702029","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"quant-ph/9702029v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9702029","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SSFJZ6KMHSDN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SSFJZ6KMHSDNPT34","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SSFJZ6KM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3e5313ce8d12e28397a73bce010605475d2f94f728e87db4369d36587767d6e0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In order to use quantum error-correcting codes to actually improve the performance of a quantum computer, it is necessary to be able to perform operations fault-tolerantly on encoded states. I present a general theory of fault-tolerant operations based on symmetries of the code stabilizer. This allows a straightforward determination of which operations can be performed fault-tolerantly on a given code. I demonstrate that fault-tolerant universal computation is possible for any stabilizer code. I discuss a number of examples in more detail, including the five-qubit code.","authors_text":"Daniel Gottesman","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1997-02-12T00:48:43Z","title":"A Theory of Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"quant-ph/9702029","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8e6aa699b3ecf8045a4dbf74fc2a3319a6989f741b0fd8ea93984b09f3ad551f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"da97a1b880f7bfa61b3dffd6a1ebf56edb37876577f007fcbed614504954ea62","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1997-02-12T00:48:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"f4d123c870e3414ecf02117b165b0d2c3885a9006d2d45cb6b82463d91b93aa3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"quant-ph/9702029","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"948a9cf94c3c86d7cf7cfb289ef5fd44afc7149b52588cfdfe7e5e282d10b96a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"948a9cf94c3c86d7cf7cfb289ef5fd44afc7149b52588cfdfe7e5e282d10b96a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25.755798Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25.755798Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xK6QUFK+fKIQ/ysClRkGIh2aWwXdDkhItn1MHO6u36d45QTRygK+4CTSFO9vkBYgj8fHOi6nRW+9Pn3sPBmbBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:17:25.756438Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"quant-ph/9702029","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8e6aa699b3ecf8045a4dbf74fc2a3319a6989f741b0fd8ea93984b09f3ad551f","sha256:3e5313ce8d12e28397a73bce010605475d2f94f728e87db4369d36587767d6e0"],"state_sha256":"a4f959ef27456c9fda251e1c8905774f3b8620fd41aede6729a6b45bfe688144"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"C73m6joKw+KN241RsiexSwFJuug2rrlLPTnjwxrqVaIibmyY2vO/pUEy06hpfX0UdhRcNBimORjLV8sy8LADDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-01T09:38:57.947630Z","bundle_sha256":"d8d8845bfca01293bf33fbc08a27466c34a98a2e3c1cbdcd83b2f2740162e6c1"}}