{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L","short_pith_number":"pith:STPDRPCG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.00688","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2020-02-03T12:53:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3098670394f1b40171a4c05d7d1b0cbdee6bd89c2b3b3aaee40e9896fb57ba55","abstract_canon_sha256":"8bced9b808adfe5476c2cf0baf25e963c0953fbf50e4e4e5279878bad025a71a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"94de38bc4682bd264fc1a25720e74feaf7e9cbc85d4d98585d36372b0d6b2ccd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2002.00688","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.00688","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.00688v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.00688","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"STPDRPCGQK6S","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"STPDRPCGQK6SMT6B","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"STPDRPCG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.00688","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2020-02-03T12:53:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3098670394f1b40171a4c05d7d1b0cbdee6bd89c2b3b3aaee40e9896fb57ba55","abstract_canon_sha256":"8bced9b808adfe5476c2cf0baf25e963c0953fbf50e4e4e5279878bad025a71a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"94de38bc4682bd264fc1a25720e74feaf7e9cbc85d4d98585d36372b0d6b2ccd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56.421691Z","signature_b64":"M7A3xTZpbrSMcyHFYUXxkctb35lW/extwXKpK6btXQGoLlE//OuO5b9BjtBGy41SHGaRabhue11vyOec3g98BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"94de38bc4682bd264fc1a25720e74feaf7e9cbc85d4d98585d36372b0d6b2ccd","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56.421089Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56.421089Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2002.00688","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qm6xJczRRcwxPpqYCAV/fsAF0O8ZrElMIFhLQAhhKRMh45XrwAbW+jZTvJYEPRYpZYDd5zv+2zw+CIedJefbCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T05:22:16.856493Z"},"content_sha256":"0078323ad3e6b0df3118192cc7879f74810924b74118205d2d5b5cdaf5a5612d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0078323ad3e6b0df3118192cc7879f74810924b74118205d2d5b5cdaf5a5612d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Plasmonic Bubble Nucleation and Growth in Water: Effect of Dissolved Air","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Detlef Lohse, Guillaume Lajoinie, Hai Le The, Harold J. W. Zandvliet, Jan C. T. Eijkel, Johan G. Bomer, Mikhail E. Zaytsev, Xiaolai Li, Xuehua Zhang, Yuliang Wang","submitted_at":"2020-02-03T12:53:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"Under continuous laser irradiation, noble metal nanoparticles immersed in water can quickly heat up, leading to the nucleation of so-called plasmonic bubbles. In this work, we want to further understand the bubble nucleation and growth mechanism. In particular, we quantitatively study the effect of the amount of dissolved air on the bubble nucleation and growth dynamics, both for the initial giant bubble, which forms shortly after switching on the laser and is mainly composed of vapor, and for the final life phase of the bubble, during which it mainly contains air expelled from water. We found"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.00688","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2002.00688/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dbwQK4AX1qi9z2ZODe7FRVZpImBwHRkcZBt1++/pyN/1+TP1RP1DzWzjuLBi56rZlfXp8tJhoo8f1jbFrMOJCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T05:22:16.856878Z"},"content_sha256":"ae0a57e3b80d411f81e59eac1f516b8e5a8fcc6464699bbda673a30f45b535a2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ae0a57e3b80d411f81e59eac1f516b8e5a8fcc6464699bbda673a30f45b535a2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-10T05:22:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:STPDRPCGQK6SMT6BUJLSBZ2P5L","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8bced9b808adfe5476c2cf0baf25e963c0953fbf50e4e4e5279878bad025a71a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2020-02-03T12:53:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"3098670394f1b40171a4c05d7d1b0cbdee6bd89c2b3b3aaee40e9896fb57ba55"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.00688","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.00688","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.00688v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.00688","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"STPDRPCGQK6S","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"STPDRPCGQK6SMT6B","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"STPDRPCG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ae0a57e3b80d411f81e59eac1f516b8e5a8fcc6464699bbda673a30f45b535a2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2002.00688/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Under continuous laser irradiation, noble metal nanoparticles immersed in water can quickly heat up, leading to the nucleation of so-called plasmonic bubbles. In this work, we want to further understand the bubble nucleation and growth mechanism. In particular, we quantitatively study the effect of the amount of dissolved air on the bubble nucleation and growth dynamics, both for the initial giant bubble, which forms shortly after switching on the laser and is mainly composed of vapor, and for the final life phase of the bubble, during which it mainly contains air expelled from water. We found","authors_text":"Detlef Lohse, Guillaume Lajoinie, Hai Le The, Harold J. W. Zandvliet, Jan C. T. Eijkel, Johan G. Bomer, Mikhail E. Zaytsev, Xiaolai Li, Xuehua Zhang, Yuliang Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2020-02-03T12:53:49Z","title":"Plasmonic Bubble Nucleation and Growth in Water: Effect of Dissolved Air"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.00688","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0078323ad3e6b0df3118192cc7879f74810924b74118205d2d5b5cdaf5a5612d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8bced9b808adfe5476c2cf0baf25e963c0953fbf50e4e4e5279878bad025a71a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2020-02-03T12:53:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"3098670394f1b40171a4c05d7d1b0cbdee6bd89c2b3b3aaee40e9896fb57ba55"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.00688","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"94de38bc4682bd264fc1a25720e74feaf7e9cbc85d4d98585d36372b0d6b2ccd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"94de38bc4682bd264fc1a25720e74feaf7e9cbc85d4d98585d36372b0d6b2ccd","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56.421089Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56.421089Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"M7A3xTZpbrSMcyHFYUXxkctb35lW/extwXKpK6btXQGoLlE//OuO5b9BjtBGy41SHGaRabhue11vyOec3g98BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:56.421691Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2002.00688","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0078323ad3e6b0df3118192cc7879f74810924b74118205d2d5b5cdaf5a5612d","sha256:ae0a57e3b80d411f81e59eac1f516b8e5a8fcc6464699bbda673a30f45b535a2"],"state_sha256":"a7f6cf02a2c244014eec93e8e02420b97f71baab3c6281472d0e46c04192c284"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eKVyL647IaAZ8pcGupSfxKdB6VlR+9Hx9B0oPyuN5WOwGBKjaXaVLca3jMTNfividbQHXgz0ExEltBcmlwILAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T05:22:16.859187Z","bundle_sha256":"2212ac11d8d296da67b341a0f27627892caf390bc0a6a5bae7da624c295df381"}}