{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS","short_pith_number":"pith:SU7BELSL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.06813","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T16:48:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"52bcf645ac444c84cb189989828d41f796abca40c2dac089d79cec718ebe2394","abstract_canon_sha256":"15c343b091b2700d5b5aeef19bd5f5bc1ec13240f3bf811aa4082cf2d273f839"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"953e122e4ba27460679995aa546d335cb571d94fe656fc311d9828d89b99e90f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2109.06813","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.06813","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.06813v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.06813","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SU7BELSLUJ2G","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SU7BELSL","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.06813","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T16:48:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"52bcf645ac444c84cb189989828d41f796abca40c2dac089d79cec718ebe2394","abstract_canon_sha256":"15c343b091b2700d5b5aeef19bd5f5bc1ec13240f3bf811aa4082cf2d273f839"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"953e122e4ba27460679995aa546d335cb571d94fe656fc311d9828d89b99e90f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27.583123Z","signature_b64":"crdWZqStw/g+Gxt2/6G6NwtceSY5QJKb7RQu8+NPY0otDhEAaebdDa8G/cd+Xag4IarLzeF9piWjO0OjMz+bAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"953e122e4ba27460679995aa546d335cb571d94fe656fc311d9828d89b99e90f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27.582672Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27.582672Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2109.06813","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8AiUUcxYO3mSSP/tQn+jKyF8r8N9tOFuo34UCHVjj+PRkubwYNaXcQa/JFcEH+oytsEqWq4kw5bxdUeXoTUcCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T14:37:11.081132Z"},"content_sha256":"3db3a2277979713491800e24d15f3f580d4b1e363b0203ae278c087e47f8780b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3db3a2277979713491800e24d15f3f580d4b1e363b0203ae278c087e47f8780b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Automatic Inverse Treatment Planning for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery via Deep Reinforcement Learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","authors_text":"Chenyang Shen, Hui-Kuo Shu, Jiahan Zhang, Shannon Kahn, Tian Liu, Tonghe Wang, Xiaofeng Yang, Yingzi Liu, Zhen Tian","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T16:48:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"Purpose: Several inverse planning algorithms have been developed for Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery to determine a large number of plan parameters via solving an optimization problem, which typically consists of multiple objectives. The priorities among these objectives need to be repetitively adjusted to achieve a clinically good plan for each patient. This study aimed to achieve automatic and intelligent priority-tuning, by developing a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based method to model the tuning behaviors of human planners. Methods: We built a priority-tuning policy network using deep "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.06813","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.06813/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pMpEw3MkEaQc+5VDCusT4sk6oCHNXGmwaCDC/+5z+KJMad/jxktWkoTQUVLfklAEMaL8aSZLJ+zpmyMKX5TKAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T14:37:11.081511Z"},"content_sha256":"07a45f67e84da7d22a1f2e55eeca8122e2a5a02c0e5778a3179063c79b734dbc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:07a45f67e84da7d22a1f2e55eeca8122e2a5a02c0e5778a3179063c79b734dbc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T14:37:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4ZSWVFI3JTLS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"15c343b091b2700d5b5aeef19bd5f5bc1ec13240f3bf811aa4082cf2d273f839","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T16:48:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"52bcf645ac444c84cb189989828d41f796abca40c2dac089d79cec718ebe2394"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.06813","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.06813","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.06813v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.06813","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SU7BELSLUJ2G","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SU7BELSLUJ2GAZ4Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SU7BELSL","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:07a45f67e84da7d22a1f2e55eeca8122e2a5a02c0e5778a3179063c79b734dbc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.06813/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Purpose: Several inverse planning algorithms have been developed for Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery to determine a large number of plan parameters via solving an optimization problem, which typically consists of multiple objectives. The priorities among these objectives need to be repetitively adjusted to achieve a clinically good plan for each patient. This study aimed to achieve automatic and intelligent priority-tuning, by developing a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based method to model the tuning behaviors of human planners. Methods: We built a priority-tuning policy network using deep ","authors_text":"Chenyang Shen, Hui-Kuo Shu, Jiahan Zhang, Shannon Kahn, Tian Liu, Tonghe Wang, Xiaofeng Yang, Yingzi Liu, Zhen Tian","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T16:48:08Z","title":"Automatic Inverse Treatment Planning for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery via Deep Reinforcement Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.06813","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3db3a2277979713491800e24d15f3f580d4b1e363b0203ae278c087e47f8780b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"15c343b091b2700d5b5aeef19bd5f5bc1ec13240f3bf811aa4082cf2d273f839","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T16:48:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"52bcf645ac444c84cb189989828d41f796abca40c2dac089d79cec718ebe2394"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.06813","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"953e122e4ba27460679995aa546d335cb571d94fe656fc311d9828d89b99e90f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"953e122e4ba27460679995aa546d335cb571d94fe656fc311d9828d89b99e90f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27.582672Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27.582672Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"crdWZqStw/g+Gxt2/6G6NwtceSY5QJKb7RQu8+NPY0otDhEAaebdDa8G/cd+Xag4IarLzeF9piWjO0OjMz+bAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:27.583123Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.06813","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3db3a2277979713491800e24d15f3f580d4b1e363b0203ae278c087e47f8780b","sha256:07a45f67e84da7d22a1f2e55eeca8122e2a5a02c0e5778a3179063c79b734dbc"],"state_sha256":"944dbe8a99d6570444b958f02e2970590ec9ae09baffe6e10a19c188bdfee6da"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Lm/eXWt0iAOpF65Z3NUNiuhO9AsyEwN/rzzXytXjqkql7bKFk7q3aAAuNppvX8va32zQvMQqP6LQWom/vM7xBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T14:37:11.083635Z","bundle_sha256":"d079684f907f73561bad9a6bc34371e1bb63fb9bcc5a6c2f65e040a9af093fd9"}}