{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY","short_pith_number":"pith:SU7DBE53","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.04628","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T20:26:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"075949f23745f1bb3f31c73e44b0a48c6c7f7eb581e7aa2cc49b3973015560b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"1c2d226729c88e2a457090c4cf38e6a0ff084aea6a8525bef2ed8d0e7a1dd72f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"953e3093bbfea5d8ed6f31b7b0d9044e060b553a52a1a002d3efa488d2a80013","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1909.04628","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.04628","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.04628v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.04628","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SU7DBE5372S5","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SU7DBE5372S5R3LP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SU7DBE53","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.04628","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T20:26:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"075949f23745f1bb3f31c73e44b0a48c6c7f7eb581e7aa2cc49b3973015560b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"1c2d226729c88e2a457090c4cf38e6a0ff084aea6a8525bef2ed8d0e7a1dd72f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"953e3093bbfea5d8ed6f31b7b0d9044e060b553a52a1a002d3efa488d2a80013","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23.868777Z","signature_b64":"sE4orL/Ff1aaMLsgufe9BbujHGFyGST0FGda9JWotc0xwNks7Tp2xRoz2oJ0/cIIih0lnECVyLtDeaU1Ck28Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"953e3093bbfea5d8ed6f31b7b0d9044e060b553a52a1a002d3efa488d2a80013","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23.868399Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23.868399Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1909.04628","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mLjaLmsYVBo5QqeKTjSJpkQoSHlJ482akuYioaZn0iR5g3rzq1ThZJjmBVuOhqQExCHKSkVQovOp+9GlxDGTAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T16:57:36.221218Z"},"content_sha256":"e0b4c68ad76d2b69f0ce350941347b3511c4c12c29df9a47c22ccd5cfa4a9386","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e0b4c68ad76d2b69f0ce350941347b3511c4c12c29df9a47c22ccd5cfa4a9386"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The ontological identity of empirical indiscernibles: Leibniz's methodological principle and its significance in the work of Einstein","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","authors_text":"Robert W. Spekkens","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T20:26:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"This article explores the following methodological principle for theory construction in physics: if an ontological theory predicts two scenarios that are ontologically distinct but empirically indiscernible, then this theory should be rejected and replaced by one relative to which the scenarios are ontologically the same. I defend the thesis that this methodological principle was first articulated by Leibniz as a version of his principle of the identity of indiscernibles, and that it was applied repeatedly to great effect by Einstein in his development of the special and general theories of re"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.04628","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1909.04628/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KEWJ6MQj48uynd+lV8uqYHQWVyvy2ss3m7Pv1aRf0LO1/+ALZyUINQZNr/9SqVVrvDcWXsD/n9sD+SaFJ4k7Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T16:57:36.222171Z"},"content_sha256":"6391a2c3135f55e67df603ff7dc505323c225a1c748207a9a7c6b685d4462e4d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6391a2c3135f55e67df603ff7dc505323c225a1c748207a9a7c6b685d4462e4d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T16:57:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:SU7DBE5372S5R3LPGG33BWIEJY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c2d226729c88e2a457090c4cf38e6a0ff084aea6a8525bef2ed8d0e7a1dd72f","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T20:26:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"075949f23745f1bb3f31c73e44b0a48c6c7f7eb581e7aa2cc49b3973015560b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.04628","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.04628","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.04628v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.04628","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SU7DBE5372S5","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SU7DBE5372S5R3LP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SU7DBE53","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6391a2c3135f55e67df603ff7dc505323c225a1c748207a9a7c6b685d4462e4d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1909.04628/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This article explores the following methodological principle for theory construction in physics: if an ontological theory predicts two scenarios that are ontologically distinct but empirically indiscernible, then this theory should be rejected and replaced by one relative to which the scenarios are ontologically the same. I defend the thesis that this methodological principle was first articulated by Leibniz as a version of his principle of the identity of indiscernibles, and that it was applied repeatedly to great effect by Einstein in his development of the special and general theories of re","authors_text":"Robert W. Spekkens","cross_cats":["gr-qc","quant-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T20:26:21Z","title":"The ontological identity of empirical indiscernibles: Leibniz's methodological principle and its significance in the work of Einstein"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.04628","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e0b4c68ad76d2b69f0ce350941347b3511c4c12c29df9a47c22ccd5cfa4a9386","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c2d226729c88e2a457090c4cf38e6a0ff084aea6a8525bef2ed8d0e7a1dd72f","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T20:26:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"075949f23745f1bb3f31c73e44b0a48c6c7f7eb581e7aa2cc49b3973015560b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.04628","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"953e3093bbfea5d8ed6f31b7b0d9044e060b553a52a1a002d3efa488d2a80013","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"953e3093bbfea5d8ed6f31b7b0d9044e060b553a52a1a002d3efa488d2a80013","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23.868399Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23.868399Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sE4orL/Ff1aaMLsgufe9BbujHGFyGST0FGda9JWotc0xwNks7Tp2xRoz2oJ0/cIIih0lnECVyLtDeaU1Ck28Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:23.868777Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1909.04628","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e0b4c68ad76d2b69f0ce350941347b3511c4c12c29df9a47c22ccd5cfa4a9386","sha256:6391a2c3135f55e67df603ff7dc505323c225a1c748207a9a7c6b685d4462e4d"],"state_sha256":"20bc6d1e433095a7234444b720e44ac88454d18e1d746de2df1c864aeee1d7cf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8UxEWVglr9N/9tZHqXUBjvEzLlPZtqpBmgvY8pmqqMNkRUdJobY6v/OKM09G/8HwlQIpUFEjzBV4IPVhbHkmBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T16:57:36.409711Z","bundle_sha256":"193c588a6f5d420c316af1b7f05fc8d9862bf60a8c277b6249e6974fcbdc077a"}}