{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX","short_pith_number":"pith:SW4HH74J","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.05366","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T17:04:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cacee526c7bb57a42aecef6d84e53b0826df71c4e43991c3090ffd01bb317485","abstract_canon_sha256":"57982a85a9b00b5b0a025398d36d11723518fdd433aaefc285f4f78c9bbf05f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"95b873ff89fb0e58a6cad4b747a8a49dc35f15c9defb32db2780b26cc345a85b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1801.05366","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.05366","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.05366v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.05366","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SW4HH74J7MHF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SW4HH74J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.05366","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T17:04:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cacee526c7bb57a42aecef6d84e53b0826df71c4e43991c3090ffd01bb317485","abstract_canon_sha256":"57982a85a9b00b5b0a025398d36d11723518fdd433aaefc285f4f78c9bbf05f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"95b873ff89fb0e58a6cad4b747a8a49dc35f15c9defb32db2780b26cc345a85b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46.982311Z","signature_b64":"Ur6a7AuhuttJyly1cNTuODy7gLmhlp+2enZi57NmWKxfCA5bUOAr30uXxdnFzsxw/IoiKp0Uth3zOfmcAHEjAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"95b873ff89fb0e58a6cad4b747a8a49dc35f15c9defb32db2780b26cc345a85b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46.981683Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46.981683Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1801.05366","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zSAhEM8vGiUpTpIB/FitrXLKs/DoeskU/WGLhhYBh1ufhN0QCxILLifrRv7j8dF1VmwlYpV3/uogZKOsiFVoDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T11:03:20.970545Z"},"content_sha256":"5d65cc1e78efc62c3fc59d0a174d14f27575643e826fb9e1904040332e422c87","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5d65cc1e78efc62c3fc59d0a174d14f27575643e826fb9e1904040332e422c87"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Debugging Framework Applications: Benefits and Challenges","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Christopher Bogart, Claire Le Goues, David Gray Widder, Joshua Sunshine, Zack Coker","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T17:04:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Aspects of frameworks, such as inversion of control and the structure of framework applications, require developers to adjust their debugging strategies as compared to debugging sequential programs. However, the benefits and challenges of framework debugging are not fully understood, and gaining this knowledge could provide guidance in debugging strategies and framework tool design. To gain insight into the process developers use to fix problems in framework applications, we performed two human studies investigating how developers fix applications that use a framework API incorrectly. These st"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.05366","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4fVcNLVQBHGjnxgYEMMn2w56Rh9r+3wsHTggzujZXu6xW+ZFR2uRDWbY/rmu1jBXA4ovrH0BA3fNnwD9dhbeAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T11:03:20.970882Z"},"content_sha256":"8cc9ff53cc23114bfffbc7143d322215b293ba0e4225c582e188620c29b09178","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8cc9ff53cc23114bfffbc7143d322215b293ba0e4225c582e188620c29b09178"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-27T11:03:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK2S3UPKFETX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"57982a85a9b00b5b0a025398d36d11723518fdd433aaefc285f4f78c9bbf05f3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T17:04:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"cacee526c7bb57a42aecef6d84e53b0826df71c4e43991c3090ffd01bb317485"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.05366","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.05366","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.05366v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.05366","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SW4HH74J7MHF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SW4HH74J7MHFRJWK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SW4HH74J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8cc9ff53cc23114bfffbc7143d322215b293ba0e4225c582e188620c29b09178","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Aspects of frameworks, such as inversion of control and the structure of framework applications, require developers to adjust their debugging strategies as compared to debugging sequential programs. However, the benefits and challenges of framework debugging are not fully understood, and gaining this knowledge could provide guidance in debugging strategies and framework tool design. To gain insight into the process developers use to fix problems in framework applications, we performed two human studies investigating how developers fix applications that use a framework API incorrectly. These st","authors_text":"Christopher Bogart, Claire Le Goues, David Gray Widder, Joshua Sunshine, Zack Coker","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T17:04:00Z","title":"Debugging Framework Applications: Benefits and Challenges"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.05366","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5d65cc1e78efc62c3fc59d0a174d14f27575643e826fb9e1904040332e422c87","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"57982a85a9b00b5b0a025398d36d11723518fdd433aaefc285f4f78c9bbf05f3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T17:04:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"cacee526c7bb57a42aecef6d84e53b0826df71c4e43991c3090ffd01bb317485"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.05366","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"95b873ff89fb0e58a6cad4b747a8a49dc35f15c9defb32db2780b26cc345a85b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"95b873ff89fb0e58a6cad4b747a8a49dc35f15c9defb32db2780b26cc345a85b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46.981683Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46.981683Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Ur6a7AuhuttJyly1cNTuODy7gLmhlp+2enZi57NmWKxfCA5bUOAr30uXxdnFzsxw/IoiKp0Uth3zOfmcAHEjAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:46.982311Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1801.05366","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5d65cc1e78efc62c3fc59d0a174d14f27575643e826fb9e1904040332e422c87","sha256:8cc9ff53cc23114bfffbc7143d322215b293ba0e4225c582e188620c29b09178"],"state_sha256":"1d1ec8d94937afd081848727eec2f98312ed9bba8a995130905db96043c16ec1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JN71kLxdFb1gTaIGfbkniKrSq8yQix+VKtVhAiIsx7MIR8UAkxdn6uaBTd6UIJgOlSmnThk4T42NtBNrgg15Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T11:03:20.972730Z","bundle_sha256":"3817f8b76c13e232818937952fd2773100320a12dfbc988725e757e151e651dd"}}