{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H","short_pith_number":"pith:SZM5DM7Y","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.07046","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-09-15T05:01:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4099c05a304dc98544c9b1d5f46fb92b7df6e6406a8c40b6e0cc74f2bf5eba93","abstract_canon_sha256":"1e15f077b8339bce84a7f04b45a4a0061e4114799408adb99807f8b8317b9c8f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9659d1b3f8904a8bba836f1c86727ee1ee8814592a3027cada69bd606a78131d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2209.07046","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.07046","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.07046v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.07046","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SZM5DM7YSBFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUD","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SZM5DM7Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.07046","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-09-15T05:01:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4099c05a304dc98544c9b1d5f46fb92b7df6e6406a8c40b6e0cc74f2bf5eba93","abstract_canon_sha256":"1e15f077b8339bce84a7f04b45a4a0061e4114799408adb99807f8b8317b9c8f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9659d1b3f8904a8bba836f1c86727ee1ee8814592a3027cada69bd606a78131d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36.629476Z","signature_b64":"YHgw1v3pAMITtAVp4g1Lr4VWtWUydVUB3Oq7wtnzVLJEmT2EjDnlhMNky4ZwpCqFDqznbAGG7uISlRJtUCtkDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9659d1b3f8904a8bba836f1c86727ee1ee8814592a3027cada69bd606a78131d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36.628995Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36.628995Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2209.07046","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YIOndLvLmP6DUAjwWAJvMH9yFd3EUytnav57+kpTzVEaJWfrROBb/R0Lc0/QzBweQkhoo7mJ4m/NGXxSHhfRAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T12:39:35.572278Z"},"content_sha256":"3f1626f385f10ff92288a8b30abc87ab8e9df41e90e32809b93d3ce8e4e6f5e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3f1626f385f10ff92288a8b30abc87ab8e9df41e90e32809b93d3ce8e4e6f5e0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Exploring Visual Interpretability for Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Hang Xu, Hualiang Wang, Xiaomeng Li, Yi Li, Yiqun Duan","submitted_at":"2022-09-15T05:01:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) learns rich representations via readily available supervision of natural language. It improves the performance of downstream vision tasks, including but not limited to the zero-shot, long tail, segmentation, retrieval, caption, and video. However, the visual explainability of CLIP is rarely studied, especially for the raw feature map. To provide visual explanations of its predictions, we propose the Image-Text Similarity Map (ITSM). Based on it, we surprisingly find that CLIP prefers the background regions than the foregrounds, and shows erroneous"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.07046","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2209.07046/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vlyoFoaBh7oq4YH2DF2VBasHyvfnSpZMOz6MsYhJGF7W23WSFmwLjVNZZPFjk2JyYZzPfwf18VgIfMiK73roDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T12:39:35.572795Z"},"content_sha256":"07a8333cae2120cab28f97d5afaef6d806709e57bc6c675620fc9974caceb6ea","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:07a8333cae2120cab28f97d5afaef6d806709e57bc6c675620fc9974caceb6ea"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T12:39:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUDN4OIM4T64H","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1e15f077b8339bce84a7f04b45a4a0061e4114799408adb99807f8b8317b9c8f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-09-15T05:01:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"4099c05a304dc98544c9b1d5f46fb92b7df6e6406a8c40b6e0cc74f2bf5eba93"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.07046","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.07046","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.07046v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.07046","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SZM5DM7YSBFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SZM5DM7YSBFIXOUD","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SZM5DM7Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:07a8333cae2120cab28f97d5afaef6d806709e57bc6c675620fc9974caceb6ea","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2209.07046/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) learns rich representations via readily available supervision of natural language. It improves the performance of downstream vision tasks, including but not limited to the zero-shot, long tail, segmentation, retrieval, caption, and video. However, the visual explainability of CLIP is rarely studied, especially for the raw feature map. To provide visual explanations of its predictions, we propose the Image-Text Similarity Map (ITSM). Based on it, we surprisingly find that CLIP prefers the background regions than the foregrounds, and shows erroneous","authors_text":"Hang Xu, Hualiang Wang, Xiaomeng Li, Yi Li, Yiqun Duan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-09-15T05:01:03Z","title":"Exploring Visual Interpretability for Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.07046","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3f1626f385f10ff92288a8b30abc87ab8e9df41e90e32809b93d3ce8e4e6f5e0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1e15f077b8339bce84a7f04b45a4a0061e4114799408adb99807f8b8317b9c8f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-09-15T05:01:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"4099c05a304dc98544c9b1d5f46fb92b7df6e6406a8c40b6e0cc74f2bf5eba93"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.07046","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"9659d1b3f8904a8bba836f1c86727ee1ee8814592a3027cada69bd606a78131d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9659d1b3f8904a8bba836f1c86727ee1ee8814592a3027cada69bd606a78131d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36.628995Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36.628995Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YHgw1v3pAMITtAVp4g1Lr4VWtWUydVUB3Oq7wtnzVLJEmT2EjDnlhMNky4ZwpCqFDqznbAGG7uISlRJtUCtkDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:36.629476Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2209.07046","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3f1626f385f10ff92288a8b30abc87ab8e9df41e90e32809b93d3ce8e4e6f5e0","sha256:07a8333cae2120cab28f97d5afaef6d806709e57bc6c675620fc9974caceb6ea"],"state_sha256":"c0a6fb81f6221fb55a77c34f94fd65ec19d7f4b8cd4e937c3d7e74fd75bbe241"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N9NtzMJc9UcJ4ZrJlENrZBhWMiQs6SRmYHXfg8UWFJj9al7rUm8YUKh1kGiSemD1MPHGdGxAPAmMaIcxfOgFAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T12:39:35.576831Z","bundle_sha256":"8eb95e130067c4c3f96b7067a426281d5e7f3fd743c8b0757fbf87598fc2fbdf"}}