{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD","short_pith_number":"pith:T25WVEFI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.18905","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T23:39:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"00fc5896c659e2bbc95e3ee227a58939c707e9dc94344a95fcc818a6de1a23fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"575a55f0fd6a09e65c777e8ca9b37d419780acd59e00ae2f175ee58693a4e69b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ebb6a90a819cbd3185ca18df08a6d70ced756cf5cf830c54e743ddc6f2dee4f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.18905","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.18905","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.18905v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.18905","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T25WVEFIDHF5","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T25WVEFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.18905","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T23:39:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"00fc5896c659e2bbc95e3ee227a58939c707e9dc94344a95fcc818a6de1a23fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"575a55f0fd6a09e65c777e8ca9b37d419780acd59e00ae2f175ee58693a4e69b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ebb6a90a819cbd3185ca18df08a6d70ced756cf5cf830c54e743ddc6f2dee4f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21.654734Z","signature_b64":"ulUWQ8F2KT/LMEDA5Qvjv21VW0k8fbpEp3dzdO1eHt/vxk0g1QHE1Uafz1dc5cbTFV+jl6JFDt28T9G4t2XCCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9ebb6a90a819cbd3185ca18df08a6d70ced756cf5cf830c54e743ddc6f2dee4f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21.654247Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21.654247Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.18905","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/7u6qP6NXmmzP4fpP7BylpP2YaufOJaSY9g2nxwUx3JSdsaecb9XxUxrdnADgvDfFnN+PVar6RP3GiXIySwxAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T19:41:03.707701Z"},"content_sha256":"fa92496e5e9f8466f79d999f5865f43ee428f35c9d855931fbaecc1c6148eeb1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fa92496e5e9f8466f79d999f5865f43ee428f35c9d855931fbaecc1c6148eeb1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Building a Functional Machine Translation Corpus for Kpelle","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Emmanuel J. Dorley, Jackson Weako, Kweku Andoh Yamoah","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T23:39:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we introduce the first publicly available English-Kpelle dataset for machine translation, comprising over 2000 sentence pairs drawn from everyday communication, religious texts, and educational materials. By fine-tuning Meta's No Language Left Behind(NLLB) model on two versions of the dataset, we achieved BLEU scores of up to 30 in the Kpelle-to-English direction, demonstrating the benefits of data augmentation. Our findings align with NLLB-200 benchmarks on other African languages, underscoring Kpelle's potential for competitive performance despite its low-resource status. Beyo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.18905","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.18905/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HNg+L9Kv5dJ7655DjRBV9CgrmGFEhyYL0panZ9vUtIMpEsdxC99Ok0mp2lwea384S5sq7sabnOnSbwR1aqh2AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T19:41:03.708322Z"},"content_sha256":"9b735d1f3fb678ee4c3c88fc1887f3a23b720670aaf115fd4dece97e45eeb5d5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9b735d1f3fb678ee4c3c88fc1887f3a23b720670aaf115fd4dece97e45eeb5d5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T19:41:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4UGG7BCTNOD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"575a55f0fd6a09e65c777e8ca9b37d419780acd59e00ae2f175ee58693a4e69b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T23:39:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"00fc5896c659e2bbc95e3ee227a58939c707e9dc94344a95fcc818a6de1a23fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.18905","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.18905","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.18905v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.18905","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T25WVEFIDHF5","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T25WVEFIDHF5GGC4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T25WVEFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9b735d1f3fb678ee4c3c88fc1887f3a23b720670aaf115fd4dece97e45eeb5d5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.18905/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we introduce the first publicly available English-Kpelle dataset for machine translation, comprising over 2000 sentence pairs drawn from everyday communication, religious texts, and educational materials. By fine-tuning Meta's No Language Left Behind(NLLB) model on two versions of the dataset, we achieved BLEU scores of up to 30 in the Kpelle-to-English direction, demonstrating the benefits of data augmentation. Our findings align with NLLB-200 benchmarks on other African languages, underscoring Kpelle's potential for competitive performance despite its low-resource status. Beyo","authors_text":"Emmanuel J. Dorley, Jackson Weako, Kweku Andoh Yamoah","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T23:39:34Z","title":"Building a Functional Machine Translation Corpus for Kpelle"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.18905","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fa92496e5e9f8466f79d999f5865f43ee428f35c9d855931fbaecc1c6148eeb1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"575a55f0fd6a09e65c777e8ca9b37d419780acd59e00ae2f175ee58693a4e69b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T23:39:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"00fc5896c659e2bbc95e3ee227a58939c707e9dc94344a95fcc818a6de1a23fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.18905","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9ebb6a90a819cbd3185ca18df08a6d70ced756cf5cf830c54e743ddc6f2dee4f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9ebb6a90a819cbd3185ca18df08a6d70ced756cf5cf830c54e743ddc6f2dee4f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21.654247Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21.654247Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ulUWQ8F2KT/LMEDA5Qvjv21VW0k8fbpEp3dzdO1eHt/vxk0g1QHE1Uafz1dc5cbTFV+jl6JFDt28T9G4t2XCCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:21.654734Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.18905","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fa92496e5e9f8466f79d999f5865f43ee428f35c9d855931fbaecc1c6148eeb1","sha256:9b735d1f3fb678ee4c3c88fc1887f3a23b720670aaf115fd4dece97e45eeb5d5"],"state_sha256":"f9e78423a45eb578b9ccad84ce0284feab221553574af437b3ce4a3e3f930ad3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MqPZ2kh0Em2b1LPVefTO84Kgwp1AA1hdvY2M22WAfFCsI8bk9aMpUnckmTbE2V5tmfrd7D4vP4lofr5AE4StBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T19:41:03.713086Z","bundle_sha256":"4a96a08de57d8b05e5c857ca264f9c384da9f6faacd528f69a11ed7e6ee140e6"}}