{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM","short_pith_number":"pith:T3HY3RXG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.03384","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2016-01-13T20:57:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d5d7e50035de9b9c09b38fed8ed17d88204000c97bfa87baed9c9788740f8d6f","abstract_canon_sha256":"fa712f812fdfc465543f73842d2d449b41f31ff478ece9551b30fb1948fb345a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ecf8dc6e6bd63c8818fdc49d8726b531abf12f17f0763cafb56afb78d108d56","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1601.03384","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.03384","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.03384v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.03384","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T3HY3RXGXVR4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T3HY3RXG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.03384","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2016-01-13T20:57:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d5d7e50035de9b9c09b38fed8ed17d88204000c97bfa87baed9c9788740f8d6f","abstract_canon_sha256":"fa712f812fdfc465543f73842d2d449b41f31ff478ece9551b30fb1948fb345a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ecf8dc6e6bd63c8818fdc49d8726b531abf12f17f0763cafb56afb78d108d56","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58.902632Z","signature_b64":"SAS0KFVBWg403OGRh/TofDHykTqhm2hMIUMUF0ENU5rhvSaMySEiDkwnGba07e8UhW6pIwPDDaSyQP8/LhGWAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9ecf8dc6e6bd63c8818fdc49d8726b531abf12f17f0763cafb56afb78d108d56","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58.902233Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58.902233Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1601.03384","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VzACtKf1wbuqf9q+Fhdy4GcGZ1e0gQWG283FEQTr7SjpHnT+hMCfyj9GOtyUE9UuiNctQ9UQR1HSp14kIfxhBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T21:47:10.681084Z"},"content_sha256":"47f54c9cf989574acb5d9bea6767d4d3f1c7a21c6fffd7c5fac58e764e55f5ce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:47f54c9cf989574acb5d9bea6767d4d3f1c7a21c6fffd7c5fac58e764e55f5ce"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Viscosity bound violation in holographic solids and the viscoelastic response","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Lasma Alberte, Matteo Baggioli, Oriol Pujolas","submitted_at":"2016-01-13T20:57:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"We argue that the Kovtun--Son--Starinets (KSS) lower bound on the viscosity to entropy density ratio holds in fluid systems but is violated in solid materials with a non-zero shear elastic modulus. We construct explicit examples of this by applying the standard gauge/gravity duality methods to massive gravity and show that the KSS bound is clearly violated in black brane solutions whenever the massive gravity theories are of solid type. We argue that the physical reason for the bound violation relies on the viscoelastic nature of the mechanical response in these materials. We speculate on whet"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.03384","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"F27xjk95drUj+1bAQ7+CCHR/o1FyfKPv1WHfwJEU7R1APbsTcXKWK+XGpMvPJB71C8kqNNu9V+TGFIEGK2ujDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T21:47:10.681736Z"},"content_sha256":"c4e0a59ef5888174d4938164065af4d18bf22e5a5031b823082af9bdba1ede29","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c4e0a59ef5888174d4938164065af4d18bf22e5a5031b823082af9bdba1ede29"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T21:47:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP3RE5Q4TLKM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fa712f812fdfc465543f73842d2d449b41f31ff478ece9551b30fb1948fb345a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2016-01-13T20:57:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"d5d7e50035de9b9c09b38fed8ed17d88204000c97bfa87baed9c9788740f8d6f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.03384","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.03384","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.03384v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.03384","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T3HY3RXGXVR4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T3HY3RXGXVR4RAMP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T3HY3RXG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c4e0a59ef5888174d4938164065af4d18bf22e5a5031b823082af9bdba1ede29","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We argue that the Kovtun--Son--Starinets (KSS) lower bound on the viscosity to entropy density ratio holds in fluid systems but is violated in solid materials with a non-zero shear elastic modulus. We construct explicit examples of this by applying the standard gauge/gravity duality methods to massive gravity and show that the KSS bound is clearly violated in black brane solutions whenever the massive gravity theories are of solid type. We argue that the physical reason for the bound violation relies on the viscoelastic nature of the mechanical response in these materials. We speculate on whet","authors_text":"Lasma Alberte, Matteo Baggioli, Oriol Pujolas","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2016-01-13T20:57:43Z","title":"Viscosity bound violation in holographic solids and the viscoelastic response"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.03384","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:47f54c9cf989574acb5d9bea6767d4d3f1c7a21c6fffd7c5fac58e764e55f5ce","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fa712f812fdfc465543f73842d2d449b41f31ff478ece9551b30fb1948fb345a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2016-01-13T20:57:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"d5d7e50035de9b9c09b38fed8ed17d88204000c97bfa87baed9c9788740f8d6f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.03384","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"9ecf8dc6e6bd63c8818fdc49d8726b531abf12f17f0763cafb56afb78d108d56","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9ecf8dc6e6bd63c8818fdc49d8726b531abf12f17f0763cafb56afb78d108d56","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58.902233Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58.902233Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"SAS0KFVBWg403OGRh/TofDHykTqhm2hMIUMUF0ENU5rhvSaMySEiDkwnGba07e8UhW6pIwPDDaSyQP8/LhGWAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:58.902632Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1601.03384","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:47f54c9cf989574acb5d9bea6767d4d3f1c7a21c6fffd7c5fac58e764e55f5ce","sha256:c4e0a59ef5888174d4938164065af4d18bf22e5a5031b823082af9bdba1ede29"],"state_sha256":"bfad6cb1933688a3aeb9846c433b460842c9b4839651ad6e504cc0b19101fbb8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x3c6HWNcXA84+u0He+T8pK3zlckjz7TkpVD98KmnbepGK7dSj/WkyfoK4e4Lr/cKttSk7OmwHNemvzSzCidJCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T21:47:10.685526Z","bundle_sha256":"a104480f8a400c582cd8cc7d23cef5ddc61ce36efc804cdaa67a52130106b8a7"}}