{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ","short_pith_number":"pith:T4K36M4T","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.05273","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T19:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"1b7576944261a5d70b898fddc2e0c21a6a5e86b933a1dfbfd9d41b169f5d2c3c","abstract_canon_sha256":"9d7a3a53d55040c58db735ffda1e9ef6b5435d074bc1cc08fde7e73857108b1b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9f15bf3393fc4b513c098922aec35f7c21ed70f6fb1cbe5c0e0d6d3c4046cd27","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1802.05273","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.05273","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.05273v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.05273","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T4K36M4T7RFV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T4K36M4T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.05273","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T19:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"1b7576944261a5d70b898fddc2e0c21a6a5e86b933a1dfbfd9d41b169f5d2c3c","abstract_canon_sha256":"9d7a3a53d55040c58db735ffda1e9ef6b5435d074bc1cc08fde7e73857108b1b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9f15bf3393fc4b513c098922aec35f7c21ed70f6fb1cbe5c0e0d6d3c4046cd27","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11.058525Z","signature_b64":"H6ypDPkRO06lBGs7ZhyYcy7WryBo92uCDlowx+EjKvBUHZLPKpe19DN3bQMkGvCDV+hIpamweb+jOf+IKNKtAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9f15bf3393fc4b513c098922aec35f7c21ed70f6fb1cbe5c0e0d6d3c4046cd27","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11.058007Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11.058007Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1802.05273","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uVl9KPnMa5RuZDt45hlZyT8nmHHSqGPkQB07mlZQt3W5v91ePLbu5MZXI7P7qifN7zfP1noC+GZyLBb94vk9Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T09:40:19.453072Z"},"content_sha256":"6c6128460fa30a220fda6baf6880207ca7b1839948a6a253d9bf029e3c246312","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6c6128460fa30a220fda6baf6880207ca7b1839948a6a253d9bf029e3c246312"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reinterpreting Low Frequency LIGO/Virgo Events as Magnified Stellar-Mass Black Holes at Cosmological Distances","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"George Smoot III, Jose M. Diego, Tom Broadhurst","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T19:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Gravitational waves can be focussed by the gravity of an intervening galaxy, just like light, thereby magnifying binary merging events in the far Universe. High magnification by galaxies is found to be responsible for the brightest sources detected in sky surveys, but the low angular resolution of LIGO/Virgo is insufficient to check this lensing possibility directly. Here we find that the first six binary black hole (BBH) merging events reported by LIGO/Virgo show clear evidence for lensing in the plane of observed mass and source distance. The four lowest frequency events follow an apparent l"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.05273","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zAWCFblv1CZneCpRDw0pdwWzEFebTXgCBbEeAtA5xa+MiQQSLpi3FoIOLFKQ7HrfmCsoH8Mur+Uddg/P/E51BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T09:40:19.453789Z"},"content_sha256":"7aaed375f529aabc8f22202e629cd7256498910b9f580ca89dfde9d88c4cc7cb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7aaed375f529aabc8f22202e629cd7256498910b9f580ca89dfde9d88c4cc7cb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T09:40:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJRERK5Q27PQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9d7a3a53d55040c58db735ffda1e9ef6b5435d074bc1cc08fde7e73857108b1b","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T19:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"1b7576944261a5d70b898fddc2e0c21a6a5e86b933a1dfbfd9d41b169f5d2c3c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.05273","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.05273","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.05273v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.05273","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T4K36M4T7RFV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T4K36M4T7RFVCPAJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T4K36M4T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7aaed375f529aabc8f22202e629cd7256498910b9f580ca89dfde9d88c4cc7cb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Gravitational waves can be focussed by the gravity of an intervening galaxy, just like light, thereby magnifying binary merging events in the far Universe. High magnification by galaxies is found to be responsible for the brightest sources detected in sky surveys, but the low angular resolution of LIGO/Virgo is insufficient to check this lensing possibility directly. Here we find that the first six binary black hole (BBH) merging events reported by LIGO/Virgo show clear evidence for lensing in the plane of observed mass and source distance. The four lowest frequency events follow an apparent l","authors_text":"George Smoot III, Jose M. Diego, Tom Broadhurst","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T19:00:00Z","title":"Reinterpreting Low Frequency LIGO/Virgo Events as Magnified Stellar-Mass Black Holes at Cosmological Distances"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.05273","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6c6128460fa30a220fda6baf6880207ca7b1839948a6a253d9bf029e3c246312","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9d7a3a53d55040c58db735ffda1e9ef6b5435d074bc1cc08fde7e73857108b1b","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T19:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"1b7576944261a5d70b898fddc2e0c21a6a5e86b933a1dfbfd9d41b169f5d2c3c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.05273","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"9f15bf3393fc4b513c098922aec35f7c21ed70f6fb1cbe5c0e0d6d3c4046cd27","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9f15bf3393fc4b513c098922aec35f7c21ed70f6fb1cbe5c0e0d6d3c4046cd27","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11.058007Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11.058007Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"H6ypDPkRO06lBGs7ZhyYcy7WryBo92uCDlowx+EjKvBUHZLPKpe19DN3bQMkGvCDV+hIpamweb+jOf+IKNKtAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:11.058525Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1802.05273","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6c6128460fa30a220fda6baf6880207ca7b1839948a6a253d9bf029e3c246312","sha256:7aaed375f529aabc8f22202e629cd7256498910b9f580ca89dfde9d88c4cc7cb"],"state_sha256":"78f7ef23bbe9d77060078f2542bbe64676e7e09f7ffd8c7c42ea0af8fd14b76b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U1ck9oobq1MVGfXlv2qe6ozXAUzvXIks7ufh0EpYi7imPsrqYu/aumYbOtqLriuitm0JKrdMuTDWaJfbSrcWCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T09:40:19.458093Z","bundle_sha256":"4e16edb2be39ba4c30b60a41e269e301536d2c36b8363f0640db82e91c17e31d"}}