{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E","short_pith_number":"pith:T4KRAR2C","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.07263","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2021-01-18T19:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-ph","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"ecaabbecb74aea6c3025ea92c5387decdea6100b90361b4154e7f0a9eb8b8d21","abstract_canon_sha256":"dfef23a37e68edeab0338fdf0f7a4db4c2af2007138c0c4520bc2168326d564c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9f1510474232923ed93bd3ed046161e911312bbdf49112c45b7eb6e0bd2953f5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2101.07263","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.07263","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.07263v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.07263","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T4KRAR2CGKJD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T4KRAR2C","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.07263","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2021-01-18T19:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-ph","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"ecaabbecb74aea6c3025ea92c5387decdea6100b90361b4154e7f0a9eb8b8d21","abstract_canon_sha256":"dfef23a37e68edeab0338fdf0f7a4db4c2af2007138c0c4520bc2168326d564c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9f1510474232923ed93bd3ed046161e911312bbdf49112c45b7eb6e0bd2953f5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15.081603Z","signature_b64":"ayrpiqdZ7C5h4yxLwFL1osBoFG334Ui6yyFe0KoBMNKpA3rOk+9gFAL71iVjytwsbKbepU/Mw6PhhDdvCZFsAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9f1510474232923ed93bd3ed046161e911312bbdf49112c45b7eb6e0bd2953f5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15.081125Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15.081125Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2101.07263","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dGHU/KPTKpeKiOH5NoiqHNBwdB///9zCP8pIgMJIlCRXHDw8ZeDKyE4IpmYEooL8EU2o5F6J2t3BUhmNfC3NDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:36:13.895336Z"},"content_sha256":"d443018aaad5109b379fd723010ee2c610e049fe0ceb43486d539532130d0b88","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d443018aaad5109b379fd723010ee2c610e049fe0ceb43486d539532130d0b88"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"E Pluribus Unum Ex Machina: Learning from Many Collider Events at Once","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ex","hep-ph","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"physics.data-an","authors_text":"Benjamin Nachman, Jesse Thaler","submitted_at":"2021-01-18T19:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"There have been a number of recent proposals to enhance the performance of machine learning strategies for collider physics by combining many distinct events into a single ensemble feature. To evaluate the efficacy of these proposals, we study the connection between single-event classifiers and multi-event classifiers under the assumption that collider events are independent and identically distributed (IID). We show how one can build optimal multi-event classifiers from single-event classifiers, and we also show how to construct multi-event classifiers such that they produce optimal single-ev"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.07263","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2101.07263/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nVy6fuBVt0EJO9Z7MyMffR/FSdc/OkyOksxPWurOddiXy82aCdHISezM6PcZc47BxRd8CN8BWTVKXvKzWLI1Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:36:13.896264Z"},"content_sha256":"cfb15691d3b244cfc9acff2f90340384bec2bfb50e18c438e46906e77fa604e1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cfb15691d3b244cfc9acff2f90340384bec2bfb50e18c438e46906e77fa604e1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T06:36:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ32PWQIYLB5E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dfef23a37e68edeab0338fdf0f7a4db4c2af2007138c0c4520bc2168326d564c","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-ph","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2021-01-18T19:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"ecaabbecb74aea6c3025ea92c5387decdea6100b90361b4154e7f0a9eb8b8d21"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2101.07263","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.07263","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.07263v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.07263","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T4KRAR2CGKJD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T4KRAR2CGKJD5WJ3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T4KRAR2C","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cfb15691d3b244cfc9acff2f90340384bec2bfb50e18c438e46906e77fa604e1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2101.07263/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"There have been a number of recent proposals to enhance the performance of machine learning strategies for collider physics by combining many distinct events into a single ensemble feature. To evaluate the efficacy of these proposals, we study the connection between single-event classifiers and multi-event classifiers under the assumption that collider events are independent and identically distributed (IID). We show how one can build optimal multi-event classifiers from single-event classifiers, and we also show how to construct multi-event classifiers such that they produce optimal single-ev","authors_text":"Benjamin Nachman, Jesse Thaler","cross_cats":["hep-ex","hep-ph","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2021-01-18T19:00:00Z","title":"E Pluribus Unum Ex Machina: Learning from Many Collider Events at Once"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.07263","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d443018aaad5109b379fd723010ee2c610e049fe0ceb43486d539532130d0b88","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dfef23a37e68edeab0338fdf0f7a4db4c2af2007138c0c4520bc2168326d564c","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-ph","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2021-01-18T19:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"ecaabbecb74aea6c3025ea92c5387decdea6100b90361b4154e7f0a9eb8b8d21"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2101.07263","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"9f1510474232923ed93bd3ed046161e911312bbdf49112c45b7eb6e0bd2953f5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9f1510474232923ed93bd3ed046161e911312bbdf49112c45b7eb6e0bd2953f5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15.081125Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15.081125Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ayrpiqdZ7C5h4yxLwFL1osBoFG334Ui6yyFe0KoBMNKpA3rOk+9gFAL71iVjytwsbKbepU/Mw6PhhDdvCZFsAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:15.081603Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2101.07263","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d443018aaad5109b379fd723010ee2c610e049fe0ceb43486d539532130d0b88","sha256:cfb15691d3b244cfc9acff2f90340384bec2bfb50e18c438e46906e77fa604e1"],"state_sha256":"816295d8a2c2b6efdf1695029cf5803424151c67562bb7f58fd33be9bbfaf668"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YHIiyjUKJKQ8KmYCCwc3eg1hJof/9gIc7tnkb8nSK/Fec3suvubbQP7PQ11WcqHi4aP8JHZ0oA8AUSWltz5iAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:36:13.902852Z","bundle_sha256":"c65e13d45d4e9a84a5be327323ccd13a5ce0d00eac4343beafa13732ae466b0b"}}