{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52","short_pith_number":"pith:T5ZR7CZT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.10811","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-02-16T16:35:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"26b147fb2df07b47f3e3b8c6c0d212332d6ae22d575b3d7e181159b3b439a3a5","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf9ec72fe33dcb8871711a40612966187362f68692fc73d1be7e02c0b5f26be1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9f731f8b33ff9264ba92c6acef6cd4eea7ae946abe660ed5acfb8a23cbeb8819","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2402.10811","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.10811","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.10811v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.10811","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T5ZR7CZT76JG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUS","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T5ZR7CZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.10811","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-02-16T16:35:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"26b147fb2df07b47f3e3b8c6c0d212332d6ae22d575b3d7e181159b3b439a3a5","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf9ec72fe33dcb8871711a40612966187362f68692fc73d1be7e02c0b5f26be1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9f731f8b33ff9264ba92c6acef6cd4eea7ae946abe660ed5acfb8a23cbeb8819","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36.840041Z","signature_b64":"TMBoXrAgQWHG/K8k/XByPD+ssK0ZMwioFsPX/qElYOh0BprGXjD3NGvkkel6CP59FQC8Q8a7rzSe/5U1c6guBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9f731f8b33ff9264ba92c6acef6cd4eea7ae946abe660ed5acfb8a23cbeb8819","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36.839561Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36.839561Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2402.10811","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ekv4ASqf7A6nuXOkEWUeEyweKWCdacpb6s3FVx84w94zrFmk4qgJyb/LPgKDr+sPYN/30Gx1Z1+cMAm84O1jCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T03:03:56.704613Z"},"content_sha256":"a769c696ad3fd0afa0f06aba2b4045de43edd726715add14b70c6564150398fd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a769c696ad3fd0afa0f06aba2b4045de43edd726715add14b70c6564150398fd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantifying the Persona Effect in LLM Simulations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Nigel Collier, Tiancheng Hu","submitted_at":"2024-02-16T16:35:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise in simulating human language and behavior. This study investigates how integrating persona variables-demographic, social, and behavioral factors-impacts LLMs' ability to simulate diverse perspectives. We find that persona variables account for <10% variance in annotations in existing subjective NLP datasets. Nonetheless, incorporating persona variables via prompting in LLMs provides modest but statistically significant improvements. Persona prompting is most effective in samples where many annotators disagree, but their disagreements a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.10811","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2402.10811/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yNp5cVF4FdQ21I+FprxvSCSyhUzLOHSQx/QsDIa9yydY7ZwDX8NM/tcovq688YO3r3LlEiSGazJUtHBBV6lBDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T03:03:56.705122Z"},"content_sha256":"0c4fb0669bd56aba0ab00f23a7cec6871c0282057494819e7150d546354dfee8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0c4fb0669bd56aba0ab00f23a7cec6871c0282057494819e7150d546354dfee8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T03:03:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUSY2WO63GU52","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf9ec72fe33dcb8871711a40612966187362f68692fc73d1be7e02c0b5f26be1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-02-16T16:35:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"26b147fb2df07b47f3e3b8c6c0d212332d6ae22d575b3d7e181159b3b439a3a5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.10811","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.10811","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.10811v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.10811","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T5ZR7CZT76JG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T5ZR7CZT76JGJOUS","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T5ZR7CZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0c4fb0669bd56aba0ab00f23a7cec6871c0282057494819e7150d546354dfee8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2402.10811/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise in simulating human language and behavior. This study investigates how integrating persona variables-demographic, social, and behavioral factors-impacts LLMs' ability to simulate diverse perspectives. We find that persona variables account for <10% variance in annotations in existing subjective NLP datasets. Nonetheless, incorporating persona variables via prompting in LLMs provides modest but statistically significant improvements. Persona prompting is most effective in samples where many annotators disagree, but their disagreements a","authors_text":"Nigel Collier, Tiancheng Hu","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-02-16T16:35:35Z","title":"Quantifying the Persona Effect in LLM Simulations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.10811","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a769c696ad3fd0afa0f06aba2b4045de43edd726715add14b70c6564150398fd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf9ec72fe33dcb8871711a40612966187362f68692fc73d1be7e02c0b5f26be1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-02-16T16:35:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"26b147fb2df07b47f3e3b8c6c0d212332d6ae22d575b3d7e181159b3b439a3a5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.10811","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"9f731f8b33ff9264ba92c6acef6cd4eea7ae946abe660ed5acfb8a23cbeb8819","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9f731f8b33ff9264ba92c6acef6cd4eea7ae946abe660ed5acfb8a23cbeb8819","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36.839561Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36.839561Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TMBoXrAgQWHG/K8k/XByPD+ssK0ZMwioFsPX/qElYOh0BprGXjD3NGvkkel6CP59FQC8Q8a7rzSe/5U1c6guBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:32:36.840041Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2402.10811","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a769c696ad3fd0afa0f06aba2b4045de43edd726715add14b70c6564150398fd","sha256:0c4fb0669bd56aba0ab00f23a7cec6871c0282057494819e7150d546354dfee8"],"state_sha256":"6f8722509b639fb9cae1e72468063abb9987699f61333a5541d7a44a7a6a5c02"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0YqTcV8KP1dCiDNU95YRmoJLHZE96BT+yFOyatFge2iHmkpoE/TLVDYB7wDZRqaqcm6Ao21Y2ZaCFBebuzM5Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T03:03:56.709206Z","bundle_sha256":"7e8551a43b86a74c81fab9b6bf62f7842c2c30ae5c5dd75f28db22b44bef7c18"}}