{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ","short_pith_number":"pith:T6GBGV5M","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.06979","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-16T11:41:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"81e59a7ba8969426f49fefd5e04acb30a60fb35f6a67ae26b70f7c24d1e7fc53","abstract_canon_sha256":"38502368ae6e84d1d8c2117ebca3b6f2ed6e58d9061755259bd411571796879d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9f8c1357ac591a001d31eaba6f196a7c29b9803994ca6a69aeb195ba0da7a52c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.06979","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.06979","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.06979v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.06979","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T6GBGV5MLENA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T6GBGV5M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.06979","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-16T11:41:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"81e59a7ba8969426f49fefd5e04acb30a60fb35f6a67ae26b70f7c24d1e7fc53","abstract_canon_sha256":"38502368ae6e84d1d8c2117ebca3b6f2ed6e58d9061755259bd411571796879d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9f8c1357ac591a001d31eaba6f196a7c29b9803994ca6a69aeb195ba0da7a52c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19.125650Z","signature_b64":"4CqBzzqrmFnxTKDIBL96PImzuhstvpr/YCTV9p1Z0uTSd4yam7cRD33odoJE7gmPzwrvkpccWrV28oaof4WPAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9f8c1357ac591a001d31eaba6f196a7c29b9803994ca6a69aeb195ba0da7a52c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19.125186Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19.125186Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.06979","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bSQvFASnhJJ4jIM87zoteS+ue8FBSwzVfcJKI51EaWU/Q2uSbC1p1/ofX6EB3tkwptSYydpyWpwjbXbE1tEqCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T12:43:44.965622Z"},"content_sha256":"1559ee9553520cc99c4953d17578a602f8d38b074e68d5827c5a0a3dc5e88c83","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1559ee9553520cc99c4953d17578a602f8d38b074e68d5827c5a0a3dc5e88c83"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Observation of the Talbot effect with water waves","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.class-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Alexandra Bakman, Emmanuel Fort, Mathias Fink, Sander Wildeman, Shmuel Fishman","submitted_at":"2018-11-16T11:41:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"When light is incident upon a diffraction grating, images of the grating appear at periodic intervals behind the grating. This phenomenon and the associated self-imaging distance were named after Talbot who first observed them in the nineteenth century. A century later, this effect held new surprises with the discovery of sub-images at regular fractional distances of the Talbot length. In this paper, we show that water waves enable one to observe the Talbot effect in a classroom experiment. Quantitative measurements, of for example the Talbot distances, can be performed with an easy to use dig"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.06979","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hWyHOEZYqaJWfQ9US/x17pk5iBsAe8m60S1a+zxrhJaFcCCUdxLcrZ92R7gWGS8N4bIIuuIbns2AbpuBP+QrDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T12:43:44.966358Z"},"content_sha256":"0ef01edc56053c86639e71cf76229f629a57ad9d9f3785b9194486f1008f525b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0ef01edc56053c86639e71cf76229f629a57ad9d9f3785b9194486f1008f525b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-23T12:43:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR5K5G6GLKPQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"38502368ae6e84d1d8c2117ebca3b6f2ed6e58d9061755259bd411571796879d","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-16T11:41:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"81e59a7ba8969426f49fefd5e04acb30a60fb35f6a67ae26b70f7c24d1e7fc53"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.06979","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.06979","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.06979v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.06979","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T6GBGV5MLENA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T6GBGV5MLENAAHJR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T6GBGV5M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0ef01edc56053c86639e71cf76229f629a57ad9d9f3785b9194486f1008f525b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"When light is incident upon a diffraction grating, images of the grating appear at periodic intervals behind the grating. This phenomenon and the associated self-imaging distance were named after Talbot who first observed them in the nineteenth century. A century later, this effect held new surprises with the discovery of sub-images at regular fractional distances of the Talbot length. In this paper, we show that water waves enable one to observe the Talbot effect in a classroom experiment. Quantitative measurements, of for example the Talbot distances, can be performed with an easy to use dig","authors_text":"Alexandra Bakman, Emmanuel Fort, Mathias Fink, Sander Wildeman, Shmuel Fishman","cross_cats":["physics.class-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-16T11:41:05Z","title":"Observation of the Talbot effect with water waves"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.06979","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1559ee9553520cc99c4953d17578a602f8d38b074e68d5827c5a0a3dc5e88c83","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"38502368ae6e84d1d8c2117ebca3b6f2ed6e58d9061755259bd411571796879d","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-16T11:41:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"81e59a7ba8969426f49fefd5e04acb30a60fb35f6a67ae26b70f7c24d1e7fc53"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.06979","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9f8c1357ac591a001d31eaba6f196a7c29b9803994ca6a69aeb195ba0da7a52c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9f8c1357ac591a001d31eaba6f196a7c29b9803994ca6a69aeb195ba0da7a52c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19.125186Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19.125186Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4CqBzzqrmFnxTKDIBL96PImzuhstvpr/YCTV9p1Z0uTSd4yam7cRD33odoJE7gmPzwrvkpccWrV28oaof4WPAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:19.125650Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.06979","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1559ee9553520cc99c4953d17578a602f8d38b074e68d5827c5a0a3dc5e88c83","sha256:0ef01edc56053c86639e71cf76229f629a57ad9d9f3785b9194486f1008f525b"],"state_sha256":"ad95b39838756a21037d2798c9c1f87cf3efa19c261e2f1e3c40071a785d83c2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jxGktoeETZJ71upnCtSHCMlSF4oBR/xSGKhJ+wjwYyi7VPrvuAEBrDodzXDmGiELXSSLopjiA8CfqrKgudGeCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T12:43:44.970333Z","bundle_sha256":"177927b757677a0706e8a06b7e7e3e83f9d2207c7337288cf7351ccbe738a21e"}}